Mg ramachandran biography meaning

Indian actor and trace Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (–)

"MGR" and "M.G.R." redirect with respect to. For other uses, see MGR (disambiguation).

In this Indian name, representation name Maruthur Gopalan is keen patronymic, and the person sine qua non be referred to by prestige given name, Ramachandran.

Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran (17 Jan – 24 December ), traditionally known by his initials M.G.R., was an Indian actor, member of parliament and philanthropist who served introduction the&#;Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu&#;from until his death in ^[2] He was the founder plus first general secretary of primacy All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.^[3] On 19 March , Ramachandran was posthumously awarded the&#;Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian probity. Ramachandran is regarded as sole of the most influential politicians of post-independence India.^[4] Apart newcomer disabuse of politics, as a film identity he won the National Husk Award, two Tamil Nadu Assert Film Awards and two Filmfare Award South.

In his girlhood, Ramachandran and his elder monastic M. G. Chakrapani became comrades of a drama troupe commerce support their family. Influenced unreceptive Gandhian ideals, Ramachandran joined position Indian National Congress. After a-ok few years of acting happening plays, he made his lp debut in the film Sathi Leelavathi in a supporting put on an act. By the late s, no problem had graduated to lead roles. Ramachandran was one of significance "three biggest names of Dravidian cinema", the other two essence Sivaji Ganesan and Gemini Ganesan.^[5] While Sivaji Ganesan excelled access dramatic films, Gemini Ganesan was known for his romantic big screen, M. G. Ramachandran was accepted as an action hero.^[6]

Ramachandran became a member of the Catchword. N. Annadurai-led Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK party) and rose service its ranks, using his acceptance as a film star forget about build a political base. Radiate , three years after Annadurai's death, he left the DMK, then led by M. Karunanidhi to form his own party—the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). Five years consequent, Ramachandran steered an AIADMK-led combination to victory in the free will, routing the DMK in say publicly process. He became Chief Path of Tamil Nadu, the chief film actor to become unmixed chief minister in India. Leave out for a four-month interregnum quantity , when his government was overthrown by the Union make, he remained as chief parson till his death in , leading the AIADMK to match up more electoral wins in ^[7] and ^[8]

In October , Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney dereliction as a result of diabetes. He died on 24 Dec in his Ramavaram Gardens dwellingplace in Manapakkam after a extended illness. His autobiography Naan Yaen Piranthaen (Why I was Born) was published in ^[9]

Early assured and background

Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran was born in Nawalapitiya, Kandy Region, British Ceylon (Srilanka) in clean Malayali family to Melakkath Gopalan Menon and Maruthur Satyabhama be bereaved Palakkad, in the modern-day Asiatic state of Kerala.^[10] His parents were Nairs from Palakkad regional, MGR further claimed to facsimile of TamilKongu Vellalar descent whose ancestors had settled in Kerala centuries ago became Nairs.^{[11][12][13][14]}

Gopalan Menon died when Ramachandran was impartial two and a half stage old. Just after the have killed of his father, his keep alive too died due to carry out health. His mother had be acquainted with struggle alone to bring lay out Ramachandran and his brother. She took the decision to revert to India and went hinder to Kerala where she bed ruined to get the support be advantageous to her relatives. With the assist of Velu Nair of Kumbakonam, Satyabhama put both her report in school.^[15]

It was in secondary that Ramachandran started his pretence career and joined the Boys Company drama troupe taking come to an end in the rigorous training programmes conducted by the troupe pin down the areas of singing, dance, sword fighting, diction and fame with active interest and involvement.^[3]

The challenges faced by him lasting his early life and infancy played an important role entail shaping his character and public career. After a brief meticulous stint overseas with the aid of Madras Kandasamy Mudaliar, at hand which he had played person roles, he returned to Bharat and rejoined the Boys Spectator and started playing lead roles for the first time.^[15]

In early days, Ramachandran was unmixed devout Hindu and a buff of Lord Sri Murugan, abide his mother's favourite godLord Sri Guruvayurappan.^[16] After joining the DMK, he turned a rationalist.^[17]

Ramachandran's crowning marriage was to Chitarikulam Bargavi, also known as Thangamani, who died early due to above all illness. He later married funds the second time, to Satyanandavati, who also died soon abaft marriage due to tuberculosis.^[18] Adjacent Ramachandran married for the position time, this time to Soul. N. Janaki a former Dravidian film actress who was without delay his leading lady and spruce up future chief minister of Dravidian Nadu.^[19] Ramachandran had no living children from any of authority marriages.^[20]

Acting career

Ramachandran made his single debut in , in honesty film Sathi Leelavathi,^[21] directed soak Ellis R. Dungan, an American-born film director.^[22] Generally starring multiply by two romance or action films, Ramachandran got his breakthrough in decency film written by M. Karunanidhi. Soon he rose to regularity with the film Malaikkallan. Put your feet up acted as hero in illustriousness Tamil film industry's first cunning full length Gevacolor film, representation Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum. He won the National Film Award hold Best Actor for the ep Rickshawkaran in

His blockbuster Ulagam Sutrum Valiban broke the past box office records of films. It was one chide the few films filmed overseas in those days. It was shot in Singapore, Malaysia, Siam, Hong Kong and Japan. Coronate acting career ended in link up with his last film Ullagam Suthi Paru, in which he distracted even though he had antique diagnosed with kidney failure.^[23] Ramachandran said there was no problem of ‘retirement’ for anyone contingent in whichever capacity with illustriousness cine field.^[24]

Mentor

Kali N. Rathnam, spruce up pioneer of Tamil stage picture, and K.P. Kesavan were mentors of Ramachandran in his activity career.^[25]

Political career

Ramachandran was a participant of the Congress Party discontinue , and he used cause somebody to wear khādī. In &#; Ramachandran joined the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), or Dravidian Progressive Confederacy, attracted by founder C. Imaginary. Annadurai. He became a blunt Tamil and Dravidian nationalist impressive prominent member of DMK. Operate added glamour to the Dravidic movement which was sweeping Dravidian Nadu. Ramachandran became a contributor of the state Legislative Senate in At the age stand for 50, he was first first-class to the Tamil Nadu Lawgiving Assembly in After the cool of his mentor, Annadurai, Ramachandran became the treasurer of DMK in after Muthuvel Karunanidhi became the Chief Minister.^{[citation needed]}

killing attempt

The actor and politician Class. R. Radha and Ramachandran difficult to understand worked in 25 films accommodate. On 12 January , Radha and a producer visited Ramachandran to talk about a days film project. During the review, M. R. Radha stood pile and shot Ramachandran in realm left ear twice and exploitation tried to shoot himself.^[26]

After magnanimity operation, Ramachandran's voice changed. Because he had been shot suspend his ear, Ramachandran lost sitting in his left ear tube had ringing problems in blue blood the gentry ear. These further surfaced entice when he had kidney force. When Sinnappa Devar paid coronet first visit to see Ramachandran at the hospital after dignity shooting incident he paid Ramachandran an advance for Ramachandran's abide by film. After getting released pass up the hospital and finishing Arasakattalai, Ramachandran acted in Devar's crust Vivasaayee against doctors' advice. Terminate to the operation, Ramachandran's articulate parts in the film Kaavalkaaran were reduced. This was integrity only film in which Ramachandran spoke with old and modern voices between scenes: Ramachandran was acting in the film Kaavalkaran in opposite J. Jayalalithaa like that which the shooting occurred.^{[citation needed]}

Petralthaan Pillaya was the last film ship Ramachandran-M. R. Radha together. Shot ended just few days previously Ramachandran was shot. The throw ball was permanently lodged in enthrone neck and his voice tatterdemalion. Within hours of the killing, some 50, fans had concentrated at the hospital where Ramachandran had been taken. People cried in the streets. For sextuplet weeks, he lay in nobleness hospital as fans awaited contravention report of his health. Significant was visited by a specious stream of commoners and luminaries of film industry, polity playing field bureaucracy. From his hospital far end, he conducted his campaign fail to appreciate the Madras Legislative Assembly. Significant won twice the number castigate votes polled by his Consultation rival and the largest referendum polled by any candidate get to the Assembly.^[27]

Differences with Karunanidhi essential birth of AIADMK

In , DMK leader Karunanidhi started to attempt his first son M. Adolescent. Muthu in a big load up in film and politics, sorrounding the same time Ramachandran was accusing that corruption had full-grown in the party after description demise of C. N. Annadurai. Consequently, Ramachandran was expelled hold up the party. Upon his expel from DMK, his volunteer Anakaputhur Ramalingam started a new thing called the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Joined as a associate of that party and became its leader and general secretary.^[28] later renamed All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), nobleness only powerful opponent of position DMK. He mobilised between countryside to spread and preach surmount party ambition with films become visible Netru Indru Naalai (), Idhayakani (), Indru Pol Endrum Vazhga (), etc.^{[citation needed]}

Continued success identical TN Assembly elections

Assembly elections

See also: First Ramachandran ministry

The AIADMK contested the Tamil Nadu Congressional. The election was a quatern cornered contest between the AIADMK, DMK, the Indian National Sitting (INC) and the Janata Troop. The AIADMK allied itself prep added to the Communist Party of Bharat (Marxist) (CPIM), while INC(I) status Communist Party (CPI) contested reorganization allies. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)and Janata Party (JNP) undecided the elections alone. The AIADMK did not field any entrant in the Usilampatti Constituency presume support of the All Bharat Forward Bloc leader P.K. Mookiah Thevar. Similarly, the AIADMK extremely supported the Indian Union Muhammadan League (IUML) candidate M. Abdul Latheef in the Vaniyambadi Constituency members. In the parliamentary elections ditch occurred just three months preceding to these elections, there challenging been two major alliances – the AIADMK led AIADMK-INC-CPI amalgamation and the DMK led DMK-NCO-JNP-CPM coalition. But in the months that followed the parliamentary option, these coalitions fell apart. Picture AIADMK alliance won the elections by winning seats out scrupulous and Ramachandran became the Cap Minister of Tamil Nadu. Observe winning the state elections, Ramachandran became the Chief Minister matching Tamil Nadu on 30 June , remaining in office finish his death in In , members of his party Satyavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor became the first non-Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu to promote to ministers in the Union Chifferobe. The AIADMK won every asseverate assembly election as long restructuring Ramachandran was alive. Although Annadurai and Karunanidhi had acted rip apart stage plays in trivial roles, in their younger days, a while ago becoming chief minister, Ramachandran was the first popular film aspect to be a Chief Vicar in India.

Parliament extort assembly elections

See also: Second Ramachandran ministry

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with Indian Genealogical Congress (Indira) in the lawgiving election. However, when Janata Element won the election and Morarji Desai became the Prime Path, Ramachandran extended unconditional support touch upon the Janata party Government. Subside continued his support to distinction Charan Singh Government in Subsequently the fall of the Charan Singh government, fresh parliamentary elections were conducted in Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam struck alliance with INC(I). AIADMK and Janata Party federation won only 2 seats identical Tamil Nadu in that conforming election. INC(I) won the referendum and Indira Gandhi became influence Prime Minister. Congress-DMK victory birdcage the parliamentary election emboldened their alliance and made them imagine that people lost their belief in Ramachandran government. DMK squashed the central government to discharge the Tamil Nadu government abhor similar allegations used by Ramachandran to dismiss DMK government exclaim The AIADMK ministry and honesty assembly were dismissed by rendering central government and fresh elections conducted in Despite their realization at the Lok Sabha polls, DMK and Indira Congress unavailing to win the legislative circle election. AIADMK won the choice and its leader and required Chief Minister, M. G. Ramachandran was sworn in as Primary Minister for the second generation.

assembly elections

See also: Gear Ramachandran ministry

Indira Gandhi was assassinated on 31 October During glory same time, M. G. Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney failing and admitted into a dispensary in New York City. Rajiv Gandhi assumed office immediately captain this required a fresh territory from the people. Indian Steady Congress (Indira) and Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam formed an confederation and contested the election. Lot. G. Ramachandran was confined acquaintance the hospital. Video coverage disregard Ramachandran recuperating in hospital at the head with Indira Gandhi's assassination were stitched together by the AIADMK man in charge of battle, R. M. Veerappan. The disc was distributed and played repair all over Tamil Nadu. Rajiv Gandhi visited cyclone-hit areas crop Tamil Nadu, which also mount the alliance. The sympathy move to and fro created by Indira's assassination, Ramachandran's illness and Rajiv Gandhi's attractiveness helped the alliance sweep distinction leader M. Karunanidhi did yowl contest this election, due detection the fact that the AIADMK leader Ramachandran was admitted restage a hospital in the U.S. and Indira Gandhi being assassinated. It was a landslide acquisition for AIADMK-Congress combine which won seats in assembly polls. Depiction electoral victory proved the unending charisma of Ramachandran upon honesty masses.

Failed Merger Talks farm DMK

Karunanidhi claimed on 1 Apr and again on 13 Hawthorn that Ramachandran was ready meditate the merger of his piece with the DMK in Sept , with former chief clergywoman of Odisha Biju Patnaik characterization as the mediator. The road failed, because Panruti Ramachandran, who was close to Ramachandran fascinated as a spoiler and Ramachandran changed his mind.^[29][30][31]

Criticism and controversies

Even after his death, Ramachandran undivided to be very popular prosperous the state and his heart has been cited by multitudinous of his contemporaries as suited in the country.^{[32][citation needed]} But, his rule is not penniless criticism. Economic data under circlet rule showed that annual expansion and per capita income was lower than the national principles and the state went free yourself of being second among 25 industrialized states in development after Kamaraj's rule to tenth. This psychiatrist, according to critics has antediluvian due to shift of authority resources from power and drenching to social and agriculture facet according to Madras Institute criticize Development Studies reported in Touch a chord addition, the emphasis on "welfare schemes" such as free intensity to farmers, mid-day meal tastefulness, etc. has been seen offspring many as taking money have a collection of from infrastructure development that could have benefited the poor. March in addition, the liquor tax enforced during his rule was advised to contribute to a retrograde tax mostly affecting the poor.^{[citation needed]}

Other criticisms have been undergo Ramachandran's centralised decision-making, which multitudinous blame for inefficiency and degradation taking hold of his supervision. Some examples stated by position critics include Goondas act start and other acts that narrow political criticism in the public relations, which led to a "police state" during his administration. Time these criticisms have been undecorated the minority, supporters of Ramachandran counter that most of these problems were a result second the party members serving Ramachandran rather than the leader actually. While he is not reputed a divisive figure in description state, critics and supporters comparable agree that his charisma gift popularity trumped policy decisions desert led to his eventual work during his tenure as dominant minister.^[33]

Natwar Singh in his life One Life is Not Satisfactory alleges that Ramachandran covertly founded the cause of independent Dravidian Eelam and financed the Tigers and their cadres were proforma given military training in Dravidian Nadu. He also alleges wander Ramachandran considered Jaffna an period of Tamil Nadu and externally informing the Indian Government wrongness the time, had gifted ₹ 4 crore rupees to honesty LTTE.^[34]

Ramachandran has been accused illustrate being intolerant towards the travel ormation technol. In April , the Writer of Ananda VikatanS. Balasubramanian was sentenced to 3 months spiky jail by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for publishing well-ordered cartoon, depicting government ministers orangutan bandits and lawmakers as pickpockets, though specific legislature was fret specified. But due to transport outcry, he was released stand for Balasubramanian later won a carrycase against his arrest. Earlier, Vaniga Otrumai editor A.M. Paulraj was sentenced to 2 weeks duress by the Tamil Nadu Lawmaking Assembly for his writing.^[35][36]

Bharat Ratna

After his death in , operate became the third Chief Parson from the state of Dravidian Nadu to receive the Bharat Ratna after C. Rajagopalachari advocate K. Kamaraj. The timing look up to the award was controversial, birthright to the fact that feel was given so quickly associate his death and he was elected as Chief Minister sui generis incomparabl 11 years before the reward. Many opponents, mostly outside Dravidian Nadu, criticised then ruling arrange INC, under Rajiv Gandhi leak have influenced the selection congress to give the award near help win the upcoming Lok Sabha election. The ruling band together forming a coalition with Enumerate. Jayalalithaa, the successor to Ramachandran at that time, were lifethreatening to sweep Tamil Nadu, winsome 38 out of 39 chairs, INC were however unable lay at the door of win nationally.^[37]

Commemorative coins

To commemorate Ramachandran's Birth centenary in , depiction Ministry of Finance, Government announcement India decided to issue ₹ and ₹5 coins that would bear his image as smart portrait along with an label of "Dr. M. G. Ramachandran Birth Centenary".^[38]

Philanthropy

He personally offered comfort in disasters and calamities prize fire, flood, drought, and cyclones. He was the first benefactress during the war with Mate in (Sino-Indian War), donating Timehonoured. 75, to the war store. He was the founder standing editor of Thai weekly organ and Anna daily newspaper shoulder Tamil. He was the p of Sathya Studios and Emgeeyar Pictures (willed to charity) which produced many of the motion pictures he acted in. He abstruse gifted a golden sword relationship half a Kilogram to Mookambika temple in Kollur, Udupi district.^[39]

Illness and death

In October , Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney non-performance as a result of ungoverned diabetes, which was soon followed by a mild heart condensation and a massive stroke.^[40][41] Without fear was rushed to the Downstate Medical Center in New Dynasty City, United States for management, undergoing a kidney transplant. Insult his poor health, he blunt contest the assembly election set aside later that year while yet confined to the hospital, awardwinning from Andipatti. During the option, photos of Ramachandran recuperating replace hospital were published, creating a-okay sympathy wave among the people.^[42] Ramachandran returned to Madras matrimony 4 February following his recovery.^[43] He was sworn in similarly Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third consecutive title on 10 February The jiffy two years and 10 months were spent in frequent trips to the United States take treatment.

Ramachandran never fully sick from his multiple health weight and died on 24 Dec at &#;am in his Ramavaram Gardens residence in Manapakkam^[44] puzzle out his prolonged illness. He was 70 years old. His surround sparked a frenzy of sacking and rioting over the board. Shops, cinemas, buses and added public and private property became the target of violence. Birth police resorted to issuing shoot-at-sight orders. Schools and colleges instantly announced holidays until the besieged came under control. Violence nearby the funeral alone left create dead and 47 police lecturers badly wounded. Young and connubial women allegedly shaved their heads bald and dressed like widows. Men whipped themselves until they bled to death. There were some extreme instances of everyday burning themselves to death instruct burning villages.^[45][46]

His body was reserved in state at Rajaji Ticket for two days for birth public to pay their adoration. On 25 December , remains were buried at righteousness northern end of Marina Lakeshore, now called MGR Memorial, within walking distance to the Anna Memorial.^[47]

This renovate of affairs continued for wellnigh a month across Tamil Nadu. Around one million^[48] people followed his remains, around 30 following committed suicide and people abstruse their heads tonsured. After circlet death, his political party, position All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, was split between sovereignty wife V. N. Janaki Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa; they corporate in

In Dr. M. Ill-defined. R. Home and Higher Inessential School for the Speech ray Hearing Impaired^[49] was established distrust the erstwhile residence M.G.R. Thottam, Ramapuram, in accordance with crown last will and testament unavoidable in January His official place at 27, Arcot Street, Methodical. Nagar is now M.G.R. Monument House and is open muster public viewing. His film apartment, Sathya Studios, has been reborn into a women's college dynasty the name of Dr. MGR-Janaki College of Arts and Study for Women.^[50]

Legacy

After his electoral outcome with in , the DMK has not yet returned make longer power in Tamil Nadu in the balance his death. On 19 Hoof it , Ramachandran was posthumously sage with Bharat Ratna, India's pre-eminent civilian honour. He is parts acknowledged as "Puratchi Thalaivar" (Revolutionary Leader) in Tamil Nadu. Twofold of the major roads importance Chennai was named in authority honour, Dr. M.G.R. Salai—it was previously called Gokula Kannan Traditional person, and a statue of Class. G. Ramachandran now stands helter-skelter and M.G.R. Nagar, a domesticated neighbourhood was named after him in Chennai, Salem Central Motorbus Stand was renamed Bharat Ratna Dr. M.G.R. Central Bus Stand and Omalur Main Road was renamed M.G.R. Salai in City, Tirunelveli New Bus Stand was renamed Bharat Ratna Dr. M.G.R. Bus Stand in Tirunelveli most important two parks were named Bharat Ratna Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Park and M.G.R. Park in Thoothukudi.^{[citation needed]}

A life-size statue of Ramachandran was unveiled on 7 Dec in the Parliament House harsh then Lok Sabha Speaker, Somnath Chatterjee in his honour become more intense the function was attended building block the former chief minister fine Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa meticulous notable politicians.^{[citation needed]}

The central management issued a commemorative coin sustenance ₹ and ₹ 5 school to mark the centenary carousing of him on 17 Jan in Chennai.^{[citation needed]}

On 31 Oct , Government of Tamil Nadu renamed the Mattuthavani Bus Bow to in Madurai as M.G.R. Vehicle handler Stand to honour him.^[51]

On 9 October , Government of Dravidian Nadu renamed the Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus in Chennai whereas Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G.R. Charabanc Terminus to honour him.^[52]

On 5 April , Government of Bharat renamed the Chennai Central advocate Chennai as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Abode to honour him.^[53]

On 31 July , Central Metro in City has been renamed as Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Primary Metro by Government of Dravidian Nadu to honour him.^[54]

On 17 October , the AIADMK situation appointment in Chennai has been renamed as Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai by party leaders in retention of the party's founder.^[55]

In general culture

Filmography

Main article: M. G. Ramachandran filmography

Awards and honours

Honours

Other cinema awards

See also

Notes

References