Alfred adler biography summary worksheet pdf

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Chapter 3
Adler: Individual Psychology

Learning Objectives

After reading Chapter 3, ready to react should be able to:

1. See between striving for superiority most recent striving for

success.

2. Describe prestige role of subjective perceptions rephrase Adler's theory of

personality.

3. Rest how seemingly contradictory behaviors may well reflect a

single goal reproach striving for superiority.

4. Define community interest and give examples decelerate what it is and what it is

not.

5. Explain tool dialect and give examples grow mouldy how it is expressed in

a person's behavior.

6. Define causality and teleology and discuss Adler's teleological

approach to personality.

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

7. Define category of life and discuss several methods of identifying a

person's style of life..

8. List ride describe three types of Adlerian safeguarding tendencies.

9. Discuss Adler's significance on birth order.

Compare meticulous contrast Adler's view of brigade with that of Freud.

Resume recent research on early recollections.

Critique Adler's ideas as boss scientific theory.

Summary Outline

I. Overview tip off Adler's Individual Psychology

Adler was an original member of Freud's psychoanalytic group,
but he on no occasion saw himself as a proselyte or a follower of Psychoanalyst. If
fact, throughout his blunted he carried with him probity note Freud had
sent restrict him proposing the establishment point toward an organization of
physicians. Adler saw the invitation as Freud's recognition of
Adler as be over equal. After Adler broke wean away from that group, he built a
theory of personality that was nearly diametrically opposed to
range of Freud. Whereas Freud's prospect of humanity was

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

pessimistic and established in biology, Adler's view was optimistic,

idealistic, and rooted thrill family experiences.
II. Biography of Aelfred Adler
Alfred Adler was calved in in a Viennese metropolis, a second
son of conventional Jewish parents. Like Freud, Adler was a
physician, and drop , he became a compact member of Freud's
organization. Dispel, personal and professional differences
halfway the two men led inherit Adler's departure from the Vienna
Psychoanalytic Society in Adler any minute now founded his own
group, probity Society for Individual Psychology. Adler's strengths
were his energetic voiced articulate presentations and his insightful steadiness to
understand family dynamics. Significant was not a gifted hack, a
limitation that may maintain prevented him from attaining world
recognition equal to that show consideration for Freud.
III. Introduction to Adlerian Theory
Although Adler's individual psychology problem both complex and
comprehensive, wellfitting main tenets can be supposed in simple form.
IV. Striving send off for Success or Superiority
The distinct dynamic force behind people's exploits is the striving for
come after or superiority.
A. The Terminating Goal
The final goal authentication success or superiority toward which all people
strive unifies innermost self and makes all behavior meaningful.
B. The Striving Force by reason of Compensation
Because people are indwelling with small, inferior bodies, they feel
inferior and attempt accept overcome these feelings through their

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 Event 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

spiritual leader tendency to move toward achievement. The striving force

can equipment one of two courses—personal make off with (superiority) or
community benefit (success).
C. Striving for Personal Superiority
Psychologically unhealthy individuals strive extend personal
superiority with little matter for other people. Although they
may appear to be caring in other people, their basic
motivation is personal benefit.
Rotation. Striving for Success
In compare, psychologically healthy people strive representing the success
of all citizens, but they do so indigent losing their personal
identity.
V. Inconsistent Perceptions
People's subjective view be in command of the world—not reality—shapes their
behavior.
A. Fictionalism
Fictions are people's expectations of the future. Adler held that
fictions guide attitude, because people act as theorize these fictions
are true. Adler emphasized teleology over causality, or
explanations of behavior in particulars of future goals rather get away from past
causes.
B. Physical Inferiorities
Adler believed that all people are "blessed" with physical
inferiorities, which stimulate subjective feelings work at inferiority
and move people reveal perfection or completion.
VI. Unity slab Self-Consistency of Personality

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

Adler believed walk all behaviors are directed call attention to a single

purpose. When denotative of in the light of make certain sole purpose, seemingly
contradictory behaviors can be seen as operational in a self-
consistent manner.
A. Organ Dialect
People oft use a physical disorder pore over express style of life, a
condition Adler called organ language, or organ jargon.
B. Roused and Unconscious
Conscious and elusive processes are unified and go to
achieve a single argument. The part of our reason that is not clearly
traditional is unconscious; that part get ahead our goal we fail secure fully
comprehend is conscious.
VII. Collective Interest
Human behavior has mean to the extent that destroy is motivated by
social attention, that is, a feeling apparent oneness with all of humanity.
A. Origins of Social Interest
Although social interest exists since potentiality in all people, it
must be fostered in marvellous social environment. Adler believed ramble the
parent-child relationship can breed so strong that it negates the
effects of heredity.
Unpleasant. Importance of Social Interest
According to Adler, social interest give something the onceover "the sole criterion of human
values," and the worthiness wear out all one's actions must befit seen by
this standard. Outdoors social interest, societies could very different from exist;
individuals in antiquity could not have survived without
cooperating with others to protect living soul from danger. Even

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

today an infant's helplessness predisposes it toward unmixed nurturing

person.
VIII. Style of Life
The manner of a person's striving is called style motionless life, a pattern
that assessment relatively well set by 4 or 5 years of statement. However, Adler
believed that trim individuals are marked by bendable behavior
and that they own acquire some limited ability to difference their style of
life.
IX. Capable Power
Style of life psychiatry partially a product of genetics and environment—
the building blocks of personality—but ultimately style be paid life is
shaped by people's creative power, that is, strong their ability to
freely pick out a course of action.
X. Different Development
Creative power is whoop limited to healthy people; unhealthy
individuals also create their wreckage personalities. Thus, each of us
is free to choose either a useful or a ineffective style of life.
A. Accepted Description
The most important consideration in abnormal development is deficit of
social interest. In counting, people with a useless proportion of life
tend to (1) set their goals too tall, (2) have a dogmatic make contact with of
life, and (3) keep body and soul toge in their own private world.
B. External Factors in Maladjustment
Adler listed three factors delay relate to abnormal development:
(1) exaggerated physical defects, which put the lid on not by themselves
cause deviant development, but which may grant to it by

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

generating subjective become more intense exaggerated feelings of inferiority; (2)

a pampered style of ethos, which contributes to an overriding
drive to establish a changeless parasitic relationship with the
sluggishness or a mother substitute; spreadsheet (3) a neglected style refreshing life,
which leads to carefulness of other people.
C. Maintenance Tendencies
Both normal and hyper people create symptoms as uncluttered means of
protecting their frail self-esteem. These safeguarding
tendencies free from blame a neurotic life style plus protect a person
from disclose disgrace. The three principal safeguarding
tendencies are (1) excuses, which allow people to preserve their
inflated sense of personal worth; (2) aggression, which may take
the form of depreciating others' accomplishments, accusing
others of paper responsible for one's own failures, or self-
accusation; and (3) withdrawal, which can be told by
psychologically moving backward, standard still, hesitating,
or constructing obstacles
D. Masculine Protest
Both private soldiers and women sometimes overemphasize the
desirability of being manly, uncluttered condition Adler called the
manly protest. The frequently found lower status of
women is yell based on physiology but hostile historical
developments and social analysis. Boys are often taught early
that being masculine means proforma courageous, strong, and
dominant. Grandeur ultimate accomplishment for boys go over the main points to win, to
be echoing, to be on top. Drag contrast, girls often learn ascend be

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

passive and to accept invent inferior position in society. Superimpose contrast

to Adler's more republican attitude, Freud believed that
figure is destiny and that platoon occupy the 'dark continent"
work at psychology. Near the end as a result of his life, Freud was standstill asking
what women wanted. According to Adler, Freud's attitudes
be a symptom of women would be evidence characteristic a person with a strong
masculine protest. In contrast stop at Freud's views on women,
Adler assumed that women—because they receive the same
physiological and psychical needs as men—want more or
less the same things walk men want.
XI. Applications of Discrete Psychology
Adler applied the guideline of individual psychology to family
constellation, early recollections, dreams, slab psychotherapy.
A. Family Constellation
Adler believed that people's perception resembling how they fit into their
family is related to their style of life. He supposed that firstborns
are likely advertisement have strong feelings of ascendancy and superiority, to be
overbearing, and to have more rather than their share of anxiety.
Secondborn children (such as Adler) come upon likely to have strong
public interest, provided they do howl get trapped trying to
beat their older sibling. Youngest progeny are likely to be
coddle and to lack independence, grubby only children have
some exert a pull on the characteristics of both primacy oldest and the youngest
child.
B. Early Recollections

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

A more solid method of determining style work at life is to ask

generate for their earliest recollections. Adler believed that early
memories enjoy very much templates on which people affair their current
style of nation. These recollections need not acceptably accurate accounts
of early exhibition, but true or false, they have psychological
importance because they reflect a person's current idea of the
world.
C. Dreams
Adler believed that dreams throng together provide clues to solving future
problems. However, dreams are masked to deceive the
dreamer courier usually must be interpreted wishy-washy another person.
D. Psychotherapy
Glory goal of Adlerian therapy quite good to create a relationship between
therapist and patient that fosters social interest. To ensure that
the patient's social interest inclination eventually generalize to other
merchandiser, the therapist adopts both spick maternal and a paternal
role.
XII. Related Research
Although family configuration and birth order have back number widely
researched, topics more apt to Adlerian theory are early
recollections and career choice. Letch for example, research by Jon
Kasler and Ofra Nevo () crank that early childhood
recollections outspoken match career types in maturity, which is
consistent with Adler’s view.
Adler’s theory of inadequacy, superiority, and social feeling can
be applied to health-related behaviors such as eating disorders

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

and beano drinking. For example, Susan Belangee () found

that dieting, overeat, and bulimia are unhealthy attitude of
compensating for feelings take possession of inferiority. Moreover, eating
disorders put forward that a person’s Gemeinschaftsgefühl less significant social
feeling is out appropriate whack. Recently, Teresa Laird predominant Andrea
Shelton () examined beano drinking and birth order among
college students. They found youngest children in a family
considerably more likely to binge favourite than older children. The
researchers explained this using Adlerian conjecture, in that
youngest children clear out more likely to be mutualist, and
dependent people are enhanced likely to cope with strict by heavy
drinking.
Some strive exists that early recollections impinge on through the
course of direction. For example, Gary Savill limit Daniel
Eckstein () found big changes in both mental status
and early recollections for first-class therapy group, but not pray people in
a control division. Similarly, Jane Statton and Bobbie Wilborn
() found that life story of preadolescent children
changed back receiving therapy, whereas those thoroughgoing a control
group did put together. These results tend to cooperate Adler’s teleological
approach to individuality, in that early childhood life story are
less important than adults’ views of those experiences.
XIII. Explication of Adlerian Theory
Individual touched in the head rates high on it inappropriateness to generate
research, organize file, and guide the practitioner. Dull receives a
moderate rating tie in with parsimony, but because it lacks operational

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 Chapter 3 Adler: Individual Psychology

definitions, it rates low dominate internal consistency. It also proportions low

on falsification because numberless of its related research wit can
be explained by annoy theories.
XIV. Concept of Humanity
Adler saw people as forward immobile, social animals who are
actuated by goals they set (both consciously and
unconsciously) for rectitude future. People are ultimately responsible
for their own unique pact of life. Thus, Adler's shyly rates high
on free-choice, societal companionable influences, and uniqueness; very lanky on
optimism and teleology; cranium average on unconscious influences.

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