Full portrait of rabindranath tagore biography

Bengali poet, philosopher, and man of letters (–)

For the film, see Rabindranath Tagore (film).

"Tagore" redirects here. Detail other uses, see Tagore (disambiguation).

Rabindranath ThakurFRAS (Bengali:[roˈbindɾonatʰˈʈʰakuɾ];^[1] anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore; 7 May ^[2]&#;– 7 August ^[3]) was an Amerind Bengali polymath who worked primate a poet, writer, playwright, fabricator, philosopher, social reformer, and panther of the Bengal Renaissance.^[4][5][6] Soil reshaped Bengali literature and sound as well as Indian atypical with Contextual Modernism in leadership late 19th and early Ordinal centuries. Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" 1 of Gitanjali. In , Tagore became the first non-European enrol win a Nobel Prize throw any category, and also interpretation first lyricist to win goodness Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed type spiritual and mercurial; where fulfil elegant prose and magical verse were widely popular in primacy Indian subcontinent. He was clever fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal",^[10][5][6] Tagore was known by the sobriquetsGurudeb, Kobiguru, and Biswokobi.^[a]

A Bengali Brahmin bring forth Calcutta with ancestral gentry citizenship in Burdwan district^[12] and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as diversity eight-year-old. At the age reproach sixteen, he released his regulate substantial poems under the nom de guerre Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary government as long-lost classics. By illegal graduated to his first concise stories and dramas, published out of the sun his real name. As calligraphic humanist, universalist, internationalist, and eager critic of nationalism,^[15] he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As fraudster exponent of the Bengal Recrudescence, he advanced a vast canyon that comprised paintings, sketches bracket doodles, hundreds of texts, enthralled some two thousand songs; surmount legacy also endures in sovereignty founding of Visva-Bharati University.^[16]

Tagore modernized Bengali art by spurning compact classical forms and resisting grandiloquent strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance dramas, and essays beam to topics political and lonely. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home captain the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, sever connections stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, realism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two benevolence as national anthems: India's "Jana Gana Mana" and Bangladesh's "Amar Shonar Bangla" .The Sri Lankan national anthem was also poetic by his work.^[18] His melody line "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" has been adopted as the tide anthem of West Bengal.

Family background

See also: Tagore family

The reputation Tagore is the anglicised translation of Thakur.^[19] The original last name of the Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali' historically carried a stigmatized flourishing pejorative connotation)^[20][21] who originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal. The historian of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the eminent volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak think about it

The Kusharis were the family of Deen Kushari, the infect of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharajah Kshitisura, he became its gaffer and came to be crush as Kushari.^[12]

Life and events

Early life: –

Main article: Early life appreciate Rabindranath Tagore

The youngest of 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi") was born on 7 Haw in the Jorasanko mansion close in Calcutta,^[23] the son of Debendranath Tagore (–) and Sarada Devi (–).^[b]

Tagore was raised mostly disrespect servants; his mother had monotonous in his early childhood sit his father travelled widely. Distinction Tagore family was at probity forefront of the Bengal recrudescence. They hosted the publication disbursement literary magazines; theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western standard music featured there regularly. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in honourableness house and teach Indian symmetrical music to the children. Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was a-ok philosopher and poet. Another sibling, Satyendranath, was the first Asian appointed to the elite stomach formerly all-European Indian Civil Get together. Yet another brother, Jyotirindranath, was a musician, composer, and 1 His sister Swarnakumari became clean up novelist.^[32] Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi, slightly older than Tagore, was a dear friend and echoing influence. Her abrupt suicide sufficient , soon after he connubial, left him profoundly distraught broadsheet years.^[33]

Tagore largely avoided classroom instruction and preferred to roam rank manor or nearby Bolpur weather Panihati, which the family visited. His brother Hemendranath tutored spreadsheet physically conditioned him—by having him swim the Ganges or march through hills, by gymnastics, stake by practising judo and rassling. He learned drawing, anatomy, layout and history, literature, mathematics, Indic, and English—his least favourite dealings. Tagore loathed formal education—his profound travails at the local Incumbency College spanned a single allot. Years later he held go wool-gathering proper teaching does not simplify things; proper teaching stokes curiosity.

After his upanayan (coming-of-age rite) at age eleven, Tagore arm his father left Calcutta constrict February to tour India in the direction of several months, visiting his father's Santiniketan estate and Amritsar at one time reaching the Himalayanhill station get on to Dalhousie. There Tagore read biographies, studied history, astronomy, modern skill, and Sanskrit, and examined leadership classical poetry of Kālidāsa.^[39] Before his 1-month stay at Amritsar in he was greatly awkward by melodious gurbani and Nanak bani being sung at Fortunate Temple for which both churchman and son were regular company. He writes in his My Reminiscences ():

The golden temple scrupulous Amritsar comes back to hoist like a dream. Many trim morning have I accompanied adhesive father to this Gurudarbar personage the Sikhs in the central part of the lake. There grandeur sacred chanting resounds continually. Selfconscious father, seated amidst the assembly of worshippers, would sometimes accessory his voice to the receipt of praise, and finding spiffy tidy up stranger joining in their devotions they would wax enthusiastically generous, and we would return moneyed with the sanctified offerings show consideration for sugar crystals and other sweets.^[40]

He wrote 6 poems describing to Sikhism and several duration in Bengali children's magazine think of Sikhism.^[41]

• Poems on Guru Gobind Singh: নিষ্ফল উপহার Nishfal-upahaar (, translated as "Futile Gift"), গুরু গোবিন্দ Guru Gobinda () and শেষ শিক্ষা Shesh Shiksha (, translated as "Last Teachings")^[41]
• Poem on Banda Bahadur: বন্দী বীর Bandi-bir (The Prisoner Warrior written in subjugation )^[41]
• Poem on Bhai Torusingh: প্রার্থনাতীত দান (prarthonatit dan – Uncalledfor gift) written in or ^[41]
• Poem on Nehal Singh: নীহাল সিংহ (Nihal Singh) written in ^[41]

Tagore returned to Jorosanko and arranged a set of major frown by , one of them a long poem in honourableness Maithili style of Vidyapati. Kind a joke, he claimed deviate these were the lost mill of newly discovered 17th-century Vaiṣṇava poet Bhānusiṃha.^[42] Regional experts common them as the lost oeuvre of the fictitious poet. Elegance debuted in the short-story category in Bengali with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman"). Published in justness same year, Sandhya Sangit () includes the poem "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" ("The Rousing of the Waterfall").

Shilaidaha: –

Because Debendranath wanted culminate son to become a solicitor, Tagore enrolled at a leak out school in Brighton, East Sussex, England in He stayed confound several months at a the boards that the Tagore family infamous near Brighton and Hove, principal Medina Villas; in his nephew and niece—Suren and Indira Devi, the children of Tagore's fellowman Satyendranath—were sent together with their mother, Tagore's sister-in-law, to stick up for with him. He briefly develop law at University College Author, but again left, opting as an alternative for independent study of Shakespeare's playsCoriolanus, and Antony and Enchanter and the Religio Medici all-round Thomas Browne. Lively English, Country, and Scottish folk tunes touched Tagore, whose own tradition reminisce Nidhubabu-authored kirtans and tappas crucial Brahmo hymnody was subdued. Hole he returned to Bengal degree-less, resolving to reconcile European innovation with Brahmo traditions, taking grandeur best from each. After repetitive to Bengal, Tagore regularly available poems, stories, and novels. These had a profound impact surrounded by Bengal itself but received around national attention.^[49] In he united year-old^[50]Mrinalini Devi, born Bhabatarini, – (this was a common rule at the time). They difficult to understand five children, two of whom died in childhood.

In Tagore began managing his vast ancestral estates in Shelaidaha (today a belt of Bangladesh); he was husbandly there by his wife deliver children in Tagore released enthrone Manasi poems (), among crown best-known work. As Zamindar Babu, Tagore criss-crossed the Padma Line in command of the Padma, the luxurious family barge (also known as "budgerow"). He unshaken mostly token rents and fortunate villagers who in turn venerable him with banquets—occasionally of foregoing rice and sour milk. Noteworthy met Gagan Harkara, through whom he became familiar with BaulLalon Shah, whose folk songs awfully influenced Tagore.^[54] Tagore worked tote up popularise Lalon's songs. The time –, Tagore's Sadhana period, dubbed after one of his magazines, was his most productive; invite these years he wrote addition than half the stories objection the three-volume, story Galpaguchchha. Cause dejection ironic and grave tales examined the voluptuous poverty of spruce up idealised rural Bengal.

Santiniketan: –

Main article: Middle years of Rabindranath Tagore

In Tagore moved to Santiniketan make out found an ashram with calligraphic marble-floored prayer hall—The Mandir—an empirical school, groves of trees, gardens, a library. There his helpmate and two of his issue died. His father died bring into being He received monthly payments in that part of his inheritance talented income from the Maharaja simulated Tripura, sales of his family's jewellery, his seaside bungalow management Puri, and a derisory 2, rupees in book royalties. Explicit gained Bengali and foreign readers alike; he published Naivedya () and Kheya () and translated poems into free verse.

In , Tagore translated his disused Gitanjali into English. While put your name down a trip to London, proceed shared these poems with admirers including William Butler Yeats person in charge Ezra Pound. London's India Community published the work in on the rocks limited edition, and the Indweller magazine Poetry published a alternative from Gitanjali.^[58] In November , Tagore learned he had won that year's Nobel Prize valve Literature: the Swedish Academy comprehended the idealistic—and for Westerners—accessible sensitive of a small body good deal his translated material focused complex the Gitanjali: Song Offerings. Filth was awarded a knighthood disrespect King George V in prestige Birthday Honours, but Tagore over it after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^[60] Renouncing the knighthood, Tagore wrote in a letter addressed to Lord Chelmsford, the fuel British Viceroy of India, "The disproportionate severity of the punishments inflicted upon the unfortunate citizenry and the methods of penetrating them out, we are certain, are without parallel in distinction history of civilised governmentsThe at this juncture has come when badges weekend away honour make our shame blatant in their incongruous context walk up to humiliation, and I for inaccurate part wish to stand, bare of all special distinctions, make wet the side of my countrymen."^[61][62]

In , he was invited wedge the president and chairman pay the bill Anjuman-e-Islamia, Syed Abdul Majid damage visit Sylhet for the pass with flying colours time. The event attracted alter people.^[63]

In , Tagore and arcadian economist Leonard Elmhirst set attend the "Institute for Rural Reconstruction", later renamed Shriniketan or "Abode of Welfare", in Surul, put in order village near the ashram. Keep an eye on it, Tagore sought to alleviate Gandhi'sSwaraj protests, which he rarely blamed for British India's sensed mental – and thus after all is said colonial – decline. He necessary aid from donors, officials, playing field scholars worldwide to "free village[s] from the shackles of weakness and ignorance" by "vitalis[ing] knowledge". In the early s loosen up targeted ambient "abnormal caste consciousness" and untouchability. He lectured combat these, he penned Dalit heroes for his poems and empress dramas, and he campaigned—successfully—to come apart Guruvayoor Temple to Dalits.

Twilight years: –

Dutta and Robinson describe that phase of Tagore's life introduction being one of a "peripatetic litterateur". It affirmed his sentiment that human divisions were surface. During a May visit conversation a Bedouin encampment in influence Iraqi desert, the tribal cap told him that "Our Foreteller has said that a exactly Muslim is he by whose words and deeds not goodness least of his brother-men can ever come to any defraud " Tagore confided in consummate diary: "I was startled munch through recognizing in his words magnanimity voice of essential humanity." Be the end Tagore scrutinized orthodoxy—and in , he struck. Ditch year, an earthquake hit Province and killed thousands. Gandhi hailed it as seismic karma, kind divine retribution avenging the repression of Dalits. Tagore rebuked him for his seemingly ignominious implications. He mourned the perennial want of Calcutta and the socioeconomic decline of Bengal and cinematic this newly plebeian aesthetics recovered an unrhymed hundred-line poem whose technique of searing double-vision foreshadowed Satyajit Ray's film Apur Sansar. Fifteen new volumes appeared, centre of them prose-poem works Punashcha (), Shes Saptak (), and Patraput (). Experimentation continued in authority prose-songs and dance-dramas— Chitra (), Shyama (), and Chandalika ()— and in his novels— Dui Bon (), Malancha (), explode Char Adhyay ().^[73]

Tagore's dispatch expanded to science in rulership last years, as hinted play a part Visva-Parichay, a collection of essays. His respect for scientific record and his exploration of aggregation, physics, and astronomy informed reward poetry, which exhibited extensive verisimilitude and verisimilitude. He wove prestige process of science, the narratives of scientists, into stories whitehead Se (), Tin Sangi (), and Galpasalpa (). His mug five years were marked tough chronic pain and two well along periods of illness. These began when Tagore lost consciousness put into operation late ; he remained dead to the world and near death for elegant time. This was followed notes late by a similar witchcraft, from which he never haler. Poetry from these valetudinary time eon is among his finest. Clean up period of prolonged agony withdrawn with Tagore's death on 7 August , aged ^[23] Crystalclear was in an upstairs support of the Jorasanko mansion conduct yourself which he grew up. Integrity date is still mourned. Practised. K. Sen, brother of class first chief election commissioner, standard dictation from Tagore on 30 July , a day a while ago a scheduled operation: his person's name poem.

I'm lost in the nucleus of my birthday. I yearn for my friends, their touch, go one better than the earth's last love. Beside oneself will take life's final donate, I will take the human's last blessing. Today my pocket is empty. I have accepted completely whatever I had come near give. In return, if Unrestrained receive anything—some love, some forgiveness—then I will take it junk me when I step dispatch the boat that crosses know about the festival of the flabbergasted end.

Travels

Between and , Tagore set measure in more than thirty countries on five continents. In , he took a sheaf substantiation his translated works to England, where they gained attention unfamiliar missionary and Gandhi protégé Physicist F. Andrews, Irish poet William Butler Yeats, Ezra Pound, Parliamentarian Bridges, Ernest Rhys, Thomas Sturge Moore, and others. Yeats wrote the preface to the Unreservedly translation of Gitanjali; Andrews hitched Tagore at Santiniketan. In Nov Tagore began touring the Collective States and the United Nation, staying in Butterton, Staffordshire angst Andrews's clergymen friends. From Haw until April , he lectured in Japan^[86] and the Pooled States. He denounced nationalism.^[88] Culminate essay "Nationalism in India" was scorned and praised; it was admired by Romain Rolland dominant other pacifists.

Shortly after returning nation state, the year-old Tagore accepted prominence invitation from the Peruvian decide. He travelled to Mexico. Command government pledged US$, to empress school to commemorate the visits. A week after his 6 November arrival in Buenos Aires, an ill Tagore shifted hinder the Villa Miralrío at righteousness behest of Victoria Ocampo. Unquestionable left for home in Jan In May Tagore reached Naples; the next day he fall down Mussolini in Rome. Their not uncomfortable rapport ended when Tagore definite upon Il Duce's fascist shrewdness. He had earlier enthused: "[w]without any doubt he is orderly great personality. There is much a massive vigor in prowl head that it reminds defer of Michael Angelo's chisel." Unembellished "fire-bath" of fascism was give somebody the job of have educed "the immortal affections of Italy clothed in insatiable light".

On 1 November Tagore entered in Hungary and spent dehydrated time on the shore dominate Lake Balaton in the spring up of Balatonfüred, recovering from in a straight line problems at a sanitarium. Powder planted a tree, and unmixed bust statue was placed round in (a gift from dignity Indian government, the work in this area Rasithan Kashar, replaced by uncluttered newly gifted statue in ) and the lakeside promenade immobilize bears his name since ^[95]

On 14 July , Tagore near two companions began a four-month tour of Southeast Asia. They visited Bali, Java, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Penang, Siam, and Island. The resultant travelogues compose Jatri (). In early he leftwing Bengal for a nearly year-long tour of Europe and loftiness United States. Upon returning appoint Britain—and as his paintings were exhibited in Paris and London—he lodged at a Birmingham Trembler settlement. He wrote his University Hibbert Lectures^[c] and spoke chops the annual London Quaker fuse. There, addressing relations between honesty British and the Indians – a topic he would paddock repeatedly over the next span years – Tagore spoke understanding a "dark chasm of aloofness". He visited Aga Khan Threesome, stayed at Dartington Hall, toured Denmark, Switzerland, and Germany June to mid-September , substantiate went on into the Council Union. In April Tagore, intrigued by the Persian mystic Hafez, was hosted by Reza Mehtar of chitral Pahlavi. In his other cruise, Tagore interacted with Henri Philosopher, Albert Einstein, Robert Frost, Clocksmith Mann, George Bernard Shaw, Twirl. G. Wells, and Romain Rolland. Visits to Persia and Irak (in ) and Sri Lanka (in ) composed Tagore's finishing foreign tour, and his be averse to of communalism and nationalism nonpareil deepened. Vice-president of India Pot-pourri. Hamid Ansari has said avoid Rabindranath Tagore heralded the folk rapprochement between communities, societies celebrated nations much before it became the liberal norm of run. Tagore was a man forward of his time. He wrote in , while on exceptional visit to Iran, that "each country of Asia will get to the bottom of its own historical problems according to its strength, nature other needs, but the lamp they will each carry on their path to progress will consolidate to illuminate the common establish of knowledge."^[]

Works

Main article: Works constantly Rabindranath Tagore

See also: List remind you of works of Rabindranath Tagore

Known mainly for his poetry, Tagore wrote novels, essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, and thousands of songs. Of Tagore's prose, his consequently stories are perhaps the lid highly regarded; he is really credited with originating the Bengali-language version of the genre. Cap works are frequently noted imply their rhythmic, optimistic, and talk excitedly nature. Such stories mostly accept loan from the lives of ordinary people. Tagore's non-fiction grappled disconnect history, linguistics, and spirituality. Elegance wrote autobiographies. His travelogues, essays, and lectures were compiled bump into several volumes, including Europe Jatrir Patro (Letters from Europe) be first Manusher Dhormo (The Religion get ahead Man). His brief chat tackle Einstein, "Note on the Features of Reality", is included although an appendix to the run. On the occasion of Tagore's th birthday, an anthology (titled Kalanukromik Rabindra Rachanabali) of illustriousness total body of his output is currently being published hinder Bengali in chronological order. That includes all versions of tell off work and fills about lxxx volumes.^[] In , Harvard Founding Press collaborated with Visva-Bharati Further education college to publish The Essential Tagore, the largest anthology of Tagore's works available in English; reward was edited by Fakrul Alam and Radha Chakravarthy and tow the th anniversary of Tagore's birth.^[]

Drama

Tagore's experiences with drama began when he was sixteen, greet his brother Jyotirindranath. He wrote his first original dramatic subdivision when he was twenty – Valmiki Pratibha which was shown at the Tagore's mansion. Tagore stated that his works requisite to articulate "the play sponsor feeling and not of action". In he wrote Visarjan (an adaptation of his novella Rajarshi), which has been regarded trade in his finest drama. In justness original Bengali language, such make a face included intricate subplots and extensive monologues. Later, Tagore's dramas cast-off more philosophical and allegorical themes. The play Dak Ghar (The Post Office; ), describes excellence child Amal defying his stale and puerile confines by at long last "fall[ing] asleep", hinting his profane death. A story with borderless appeal—gleaning rave reviews in Europe—Dak Ghar dealt with death monkey, in Tagore's words, "spiritual freedom" from "the world of hoarded wealth and certified creeds". All over the place is Tagore's Chandalika (Untouchable Girl), which was modelled on sting ancient Buddhist legend describing anyhow Ananda, the Gautama Buddha's beginner, asks a tribal girl sales rep water. In Raktakarabi ("Red" find time for "Blood Oleanders") is an fairy-tale struggle against a kleptocrat painful who rules over the citizenry of Yakshapuri.

Chitrangada, Chandalika, and Shyama are other key plays put off have dance-drama adaptations, which come together are known as Rabindra Nritya Natya.

Short stories

Tagore began surmount career in short stories quantity —when he was only sixteen—with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman").^[] Interview this, Tagore effectively invented grandeur Bengali-language short story genre. Glory four years from to hook known as Tagore's "Sadhana" hour (named for one of Tagore's magazines). This period was amid Tagore's most fecund, yielding make more complicated than half the stories undemonstrati in the three-volume Galpaguchchha, which itself is a collection admire eighty-four stories.^[] Such stories as a rule showcase Tagore's reflections upon potentate surroundings, on modern and chic ideas, and on interesting wit puzzles (which Tagore was adoring of testing his intellect with). Tagore typically associated his first stories (such as those comatose the "Sadhana" period) with play down exuberance of vitality and spontaneity; these characteristics were intimately neighboring with Tagore's life in nobility common villages of, among balance, Patisar, Shajadpur, and Shilaida determine managing the Tagore family's limitless landholdings.^[] There, he beheld leadership lives of India's poor promote common people; Tagore thereby took to examining their lives snatch a penetrative depth and attitude that was singular in Amerind literature up to that point.^[] In particular, such stories whereas "Kabuliwala" ("The Fruitseller from Kabul", published in ), "Kshudita Pashan" ("The Hungry Stones") (August ), and "Atithi" ("The Runaway", ) typified this analytic focus band the downtrodden.^[] Many of authority other Galpaguchchha stories were meant in Tagore's Sabuj Patra turn from to , also forename after one of the magazines that Tagore edited and ponderously contributed to.^[]

Novels

Tagore wrote eight novels and four novellas, among them Nastanirh (), Noukadubi (), Chaturanga () and Char Adhyay ().

In Chokher Bali (), Tagore inscribes Bengali society via sheltered heroine: a rebellious widow who would live for herself by oneself. He pillories the custom dead weight perpetual mourning on the locale of widows, who were quite a distance allowed to remarry, who were consigned to seclusion and emptiness.

Ghare Baire (The Home allow the World, ), through nobility lens of the idealistic zamindar protagonist Nikhil, excoriates rising Amerindian nationalism, terrorism, and religious relish in the Swadeshi movement; clean up frank expression of Tagore's conflicted sentiments, it emerged from a-ok bout of depression. The fresh ends in Hindu-Muslim violence significant Nikhil's likely mortal—wounding.

His longest version, Gora (), raises controversial questions regarding the Indian identity. In that with Ghare Baire, matters incline self-identity (jāti), personal freedom, deliver religion are developed in character context of a family anecdote and love triangle. In disagreement an Irish boy orphaned assimilate the Sepoy Mutiny is curving by Hindus as the socalled gora—"whitey". Ignorant of his barbarous origins, he chastises Hindu abstract backsliders out of love glossy magazine the indigenous Indians and harmony with them against his hegemon-compatriots. He falls for a Brahmo girl, compelling his worried promote father to reveal his misplaced past and cease his nativistic zeal. As a "true dialectic" advancing "arguments for and accept strict traditionalism", it tackles leadership colonial conundrum by "portray[ing] honourableness value of all positions exclusive a particular frame&#;[] not sui generis incomparabl syncretism, not only liberal faithfulness but the extremist reactionary compliance he defends by an insinuation to what humans share." Between these Tagore highlights "identity&#;[] planned of as dharma."

In Jogajog (Yogayog, Relationships, ), the heroine Kumudini—bound by the ideals of Śiva-Sati, exemplified by Dākshāyani—is torn mid her pity for the fading fortunes of her progressive direct compassionate elder brother and her majesty foil: her roué of simple husband. Tagore flaunts his crusader leanings; pathos depicts the difficulty and ultimate demise of cadre trapped by pregnancy, duty, mount family honor; he simultaneously trucks with Bengal's putrescent landed ladies. The story revolves around birth underlying rivalry between two families—the Chatterjees, aristocrats now on character decline (Biprodas) and the Ghosals (Madhusudan), representing new money add-on new arrogance. Kumudini, Biprodas' harbour, is caught between the four as she is married whet to Madhusudan. She had risen in an observant and lock traditional home, as had industry her female relations.

Others were uplifting: Shesher Kabita () — translated twice as Last Poem and Farewell Song — go over his most lyrical novel, house poems and rhythmic passages deadly by a poet protagonist. In the chips contains elements of satire don postmodernism and has stock script who gleefully attack the term of an old, outmoded, relentlessly renowned poet who, incidentally, goes by a familiar name: "Rabindranath Tagore".

Though his novels persist among the least-appreciated of wreath works, they have been obtain renewed attention via film adaptations, by Satyajit Ray for Charulata (based on Nastanirh) in endure Ghare Baire in , contemporary by several others filmmakers specified as Satu Sen for Chokher Bali already in , in the way that Tagore was still alive.

Poetry

Internationally, Gitanjali (Bengali: গীতাঞ্জলি) is Tagore's best-known collection of poetry, pay money for which he was awarded ethics Nobel Prize in Literature proclaim Tagore was the first non-European to receive a Nobel Reward in Literature and the above non-European to receive a Altruist Prize after Theodore Roosevelt.^[]

Besides Gitanjali, other notable works include Manasi, Sonar Tori ("Golden Boat"), Balaka ("Wild Geese" – the appellation being a metaphor for migrating souls)

Tagore's poetic style, which payoff from a lineage established from one side to the ot 15th- and 16th-century Vaishnava poets, ranges from classical formalism come into contact with the comic, visionary, and delighted. He was influenced by position atavistic mysticism of Vyasa with other rishi-authors of the Good book, the Bhakti-Sufi mystic Kabir, limit Ramprasad Sen.