Parang pattimura biography

Pattimura

National hero of Indonesia

In this thing, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June &#;&#; 16 December ), additionally known as Kapitan Pattimura critic simply Pattimura, was a acclaimed Ambonese soldier who became nifty symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for liberty, praised by President Sukarno topmost declared a national hero prep between President Suharto. He has some namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian cay.

Born on the island abide by Ceram, Pattimura joined the Country Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands take from the French. When the islands were returned to the Country in , he was pink-slipped. The return of the Nation in marked a change pluck out the colonial system. After rendering bankruptcy of the Dutch Get one\'s bearings India Company, the Indonesian ait came under the control all but the newly founded Kingdom bring into play the Netherlands. This was attended by, among other things, influence establishment of a colonial army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans in unswervingly were wanted as ethnic rank and file in the KNIL. Despite Pattimura's revolt, the myth of elegant centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans get in touch with the Netherlands and the grand family began.

Pattimura and emperor followers feared harsher colonial enslavement than the English under whom he had served. On 16 May , Pattimura led harangue armed rebellion that captured Remain Duurstede, killing the inhabitants get on to the fortress and fighting hush money Dutch reinforcements, on 29 The fifth month or expressing possibility he was declared the ruler of the Moluccan people. Later being betrayed by the Drive of Booi Pati Akoon, explicit was captured by Dutch make a comeback on 11 November and constant the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy on 8 June in Saparua, Maluku; class name Pattimura was his pseudonym.[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and fair enough had a little brother styled Yohanis.[3] According to I.O. Nanulaitta, quoted from , Matulessia's brotherhood is a Protestant Christian. On the other hand, there is a strong scale validly said that Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Christianity in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission on The forcibly indication said that Matulessia's descendants with Pattimura are Roman Catholics. In , the Maluku islands were taken over from rank Napoleonic France by the British.[4] Mattulessi received military training chomp through their army and reached distinction rank of sergeant major.[1]

After blue blood the gentry signing of the Anglo-Dutch Be in love with on 13 August ,[1] leisure pursuit the Maluku islands were common to the Dutch; Pattimura crafty the ceremony.[4] Afterwards, in contravention of the treaty, he beam his fellow soldiers were pinkslipped to their hometowns.[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the refurbishment of Dutch power. He change that they would stop moneymaking native Christian teachers, as authority French had done in , and was concerned that swell proposed switch to paper popularity would leave the Maluku entertain unable to give alms&#;— matchless coins were considered valid&#;— roost thus lead to churches kick off unable to help the poor.[5]

Ambon revolt of

Main article: Commissioners-General of the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan hard the people of Saparua chitchat rebel against the Dutch reliable 14 May [1] The offensive began on the 15th, enrol Pattimura and his lieutenants Oral Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu and Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.[6]

Battle mention Fort Duurstede

On 16 May , the rebels seized the Exert yourself Duurstede and killed the 19 Dutch soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg post his family (who had alighted just two months earlier), top wife, three of his lineage and their governess.[7][1][6] The matchless Dutch survivor was Van earth Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.[6]

Storming of Fort Duurstede

After the contraction, Pattimura's forces defended the defence and on May 20 furtive and killed Major Beetjes, Beyond Lieutenant E. S. de Haas, and their nearly troops, departure only 30 survivors.[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Announcement, which outlined their grievances wreck the Dutch government and alleged Pattimura to be the director of the Maluku people.[8] Remark response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor atlas Ambon, Jacobus A. van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses outandout the local people.[9]

Siege of Pillar Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura not inconsiderable an unsuccessful attack on Realignment Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering deaths and losses hardnosed on the rebels [8]

Capture pale Fort Duurstede

Two months later, foreseeable August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by the Nation, but the revolt had wide-ranging and was not subdued championing another few months. The catching of Fort Duurstede was fine moral victory and the inclusive island was still in excellence rebel's hand and also greatness counter offensive victory of excellence Dutch .[7]

Due to betrayal stranger Booi's king, Pati Akoon, prosperous Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was arrested lose control 11 November while he was in Siri Sori. He streak his fellows were sentenced halt death. On 16 December , Pattimura together with Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, and Said Parintah were hanged in front assault Fort Nieuw Victoria in Ambon.[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his war have back number used as symbols for both Maluku independence, such as introduce the short-lived Republic of Southerly Maluku,[12] and Indonesian patriotism.[13] Picture first president of Indonesia, Statesman, considered Pattimura a great patriot.[13]

In , Sapija, an officer thoroughgoing the TNI, the Indonesian Flock (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published depiction book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Battle of Pattimura). He had researched Matulessy's filiation and discovered that his granddaddy had carried the hereditary name Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor in Yavapai Institute, Clarkdale, Arizona in the tome Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Shade of High-quality Nunusaku), oral history in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used the title while in the manner tha they moved to Hulaliu thus it is possible Mattulessy handmedown the hereditary title. Although maladroit thumbs down d contemporary written account attested Mattulessy used the title. On significance authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Indonesian historians, Matulessy was declared a pahlawan nasional (national hero) in not mess his name, but under authority authoritative title Kapitan Pattimura. Rendering name has since become public in both Indonesia and interpretation Netherlands.[14]

When Pattimura was awarded rectitude title National Hero of Country by President Suharto in compute Presidential Decree number 87/TK, observe little was written in free Indonesia on this subject esoteric he was virtually unknown case Moluccan circles.[15][10] How widely that interpretation can vary is probably most clearly indicated by loftiness fact that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Commonwealth of Indonesia put forward Pattimura as their Freedom Hero.[15] Hem in Ambon, he is commemorated rafter the names of the Doctrine of Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, nearby a street, as well bit a statue; there are very streets named after him from one place to another the archipelago.[13] In Wierden, honourableness Netherlands, a street in goodness Moluccan neighborhood is named sustenance Pattimura. 15 May is famed as Pattimura Day[16] in description Netherlands and Indonesia. In and, a similar, smaller holiday evolution held on 2 January persevere commemorate the younger Tiahahu listed Indonesia.[17] He is also featured on the issue 1, rupiah banknote.[18]

References

  1. ^ abcdeAjisaka & Damayanti , p.&#;9
  2. ^ abPoesponegoro & Notosusanto , p.&#;
  3. ^Sudarmanto , p.&#;
  4. ^ abcSudarmanto , p.&#;
  5. ^Aritonang & Steenbrink , p.&#;
  6. ^ abcKusumaputra, Adhi (9 November ). "Pattimura, Pahlawan asal Maluku yang Dihukum Mati Belanda" [Pattimura, birth Hero from Maluku who was Executed by the Dutch]. Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from honourableness original on 25 July Retrieved 15 January
  7. ^ abcPeter front Zonneveld ()Pattimura en het supportive van Saparua. De Molukken-opstand forerunner in de Indisch-Nederlandse literatuur, Indische Letteren,
  8. ^ abSudarmanto , p.&#;
  9. ^Thomas Matulessy, Kapitan Pattimura Muda
  10. ^ abAjisaka & Damayanti , p.&#;10
  11. ^Sudarmanto , p.&#;
  12. ^Lundry , p.&#;
  13. ^ abcLundry , p.&#;37
  14. ^"Menggelar Gelar Pattimura". Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia (in Indonesian). 5 July Retrieved 25 January
  15. ^ ab[bare URL PDF]
  16. ^Lundry , p.&#;
  17. ^Tunny, Azis (27 April ). "Martha Christina Tiahahu: The 'kabaressi' heroine engage in Maluku". The Jakarta Post. Djakarta. Archived from the original route 29 May Retrieved 27 Dec
  18. ^Cuhaj , p.&#;

Bibliography

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