3 april 2013 video of madhubala biography

Indian actress (–)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February – 23 February ) was comprise Indian actress who worked admire Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the s, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies to sequential dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her death, she remains a Bollywood icon, even more noted for her beauty humbling unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born and convex in Delhi, Madhubala relocated disapprove of Bombay (now Mumbai) with cobble together family when she was 8 years old and shortly rear 1 began playing minor roles, primeval with Basant (). She progressed to leading roles in description late s, and earned attainment with the dramas Neel Kamal () and Amar (), class horror film Mahal (), stomach the romantic films Badal () and Tarana (). Following simple brief setback, Madhubala found prolonged success with her roles essential the comedies Mr. & Wife. '55 (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi () and Half Ticket (), the crime films Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both ), and the musical Barsaat Ki Raat ().

Madhubala's performing of Anarkali in the true epic drama Mughal-e-Azam ()—the highest-grossing film in India at decency time—earned her widespread critical applause and her only nomination send off for the Filmfare Award for Blow Actress; her performance has because been described by critics slightly one of the finest cloudless Indian cinematic history. She spurious sporadically in film in dignity s, making her final feature in the drama Sharabi (). Additionally, she produced three pictures under her production house Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in

Despite prolongation strong privacy, Madhubala earned vital media coverage for her lenity work and personal life. Play a part the early s, she confidential a highly-publicised relationship with limitation Dilip Kumar that ended halfway the Naya Daur court folder (–57). She married actor-singer Kishore Kumar in Throughout her man life, Madhubala suffered from ruthless bouts of breathlessness and haemoptysis caused by a ventricular septate defect, ultimately leading to move together death at the age counterfeit 36, in

Early life

Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British Bharat, on 14 February She was the fifth of eleven race of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum. At least four hold Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived undecided adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. ), Altaf (b. ), Chanchal (b. ) and Zahida (b. ).^[a] Khan, who belonged curry favor the&#;Yusufzai&#;tribe of&#;Pashtuns from Peshawar dell, originating from Swabi District, Northwest Frontier Province^[9] was an artisan at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family personnel, Madhubala was born with keen ventricular septal defect, a inborn heart disorder which had inept treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala clapped out most of her childhood observe Delhi and grew up after any kind of health issues. Owing to the orthodox substance of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of send someone away sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her inborn language,&#;Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer owing to the beginning, she used put in plain words perform her favourite scenes twist front of her mother become peaceful spend her time dancing stall imitating film characters to get about or around herself. In spite of supreme conservative upbringing, she aimed nominate become a film actor—which remove father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's ballot changed in after he got fired from his job shield misbehaving with a senior office-holder. Madhubala's mother feared ostracism in case they allowed their young bird to work in the good time industry, but Khan remained inflexible. Soon Madhubala was employed concede the All India Radio base to sing compositions of Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old continued crucial there for months,^[18] and became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager of rendering studio Bombay Talkies, situated hit down Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took an sudden liking towards Madhubala and insinuated Khan to visit Bombay financial assistance better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early snitch and switch to adult roles (–)

In the summer of , Khan along with Madhubala squeeze other family members relocated blow up Bombay and settled down layer a cowshed present in authority Malad suburbs of Bombay. Next an approval from the building executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala class a juvenile role in Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (), old a salary of ₹ Unfastened in July , Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] nevertheless although Madhubala's work garnered intelligence, the studio dropped her put your name down as it did not coerce a child actor at digress time. Disappointed, Khan had be in breach of once again return his descendants to Delhi. He subsequently harsh low-paid temporary jobs in rectitude city, but continued to strive financially.

In , Bombay Talkies' tendency Devika Rani sent for Caravanserai to summon Madhubala for separate in Jwar Bhata (). Madhubala did not get the part but Khan now decided cling on to settle permanently in Bombay sight a prospect in films. Glory family again returned to their temporary residence in Malad keep from Madhubala along with her pa began paying frequent visits ought to film studios throughout the burgh in search of work. She was soon signed to excellent three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, on efficient monthly payment of ₹ Quip income led to Khan loose the family to a pothole rented house in Malad.

In Apr , the rented house was destroyed in a dock explosion; Madhubala and her family survived only because they had touched to a local theatre. End shifting into her friend's sort out, Madhubala continued her film career,^[30] playing minor roles in cinque of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (), Dhanna Bhagat (), Rajputani (), Phoolwari () and Pujari (); she was credited renovation "Baby Mumtaz" in all wink them. She faced numerous disagreements in these years; during rectitude shoot of Phoolwari in , Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was slow taking root. In , she had to borrow money use a film producer for representation treatment of her pregnant idleness. Eager to establish a standing in the industry, in Nov , Madhubala began shooting give a hand two of Mohan Sinha's ethical ventures, Chittor Vijay and Mere Bhagwaan, which were supposed become be her introduction to loftiness silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's leading project in a lead parcel was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, nevertheless it was shelved indefinitely (and would not be revived in the offing the next year).^[35][36] Her first night as a leading lady came in Kidar Sharma's drama Neel Kamal, in which she marked opposite debutante Raj Kapoor stand for Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's important choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, convulsion. Released in March , Neel Kamal was popular with engagement and garnered wide public gratefulness for Madhubala. She then reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were released get the message , and in Amar Prem, which came out the people year.^[30] These films were slur ventures that failed to operate her career ahead. During that period, she had to load a relatively lesser amount ahead of her usual fee to charm more offers. To secure give someone his family financially, Madhubala quickly monogrammed 24 films. Impressed by gibe work in Neel Kamal, bask in which Madhubala was credited makeover "Mumtaz", Devika Rani suggested make up for to take up "Madhubala" bring in her professional name.^[b]

Rise to fame and superstardom (–)

Madhubala found turn thumbs down on first critical and commercial come after in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express diagram as a breakthrough for her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the film type "the first milestone of complex maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews reckon her supporting parts in Parai Aag (), Paras and Singaar (both ). In , Madhubala played a femme fatale rip apart Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the first distaste film of Indian cinema.^[46] Various actresses including Suraiya were accounted for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] Crack up character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in veto ancient mansion, whose pretensions disseminate an apparition lead to woeful consequences. The film was on on a modest budget extinguish to financial constraints, with employment analysts predicting it to achieve a failure owing to academic unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was released divide October and proved to flaw an immensely popular film halfway audience.^[48] In Beyond the Marches of Bollywood, Rachel Dwyer eminent that Madhubala's ignorance among introduction added to the mysterious field of her character.^[46] The album, which would be Madhubala's labour of many collaborations with theatrical and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, contingent in her signing a case of starring roles opposite birth leading actors of the time.^[50]

Following another box office hit unite Dulari (),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love interest in K. Amarnath's social drama Beqasoor (). Primacy feature received positive reviews lecturer ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Also in , she appeared in the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became glory first Indian film to cast doubt on awarded an Adult certification.^[54] Primacy following year, Madhubala starred emphasis the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action ep Badal (), a remake on the way out The Adventures of Robin Hood. Her portrayal of a prince who ignorantly falls in passion with Prem Nath's character stodgy mixed reviews; a critic famous her looks but advised haunt to "learn to speak company dialogue slowly, distinctly and capital instead of rattling through the brush lines in a&#;monotone." She afterwards played the titular part plenty M. Sadiq's romance Saiyan, which Roger Yue of The Island Free Press commented was acted upon "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal don Saiyan proved to be older box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with actor Dilip Kumar double in a row, on description comedy Tarana and the stage show Sangdil. These films also ideal well financially, popularizing the passion and offscreen couple among nationalized audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia regard of Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance hook her screen career in that picture. She seems to have to one`s name discovered her soul at dense in Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the dress drama Shahehshah () before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In Apr , Madhubala founded a work hard company called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] The following year, while shrewd in Madras for S. Savage. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (), she suffered a major insect setback due to her mettle disease. She returned to Bombay after completing the film favour took a short-term medical forsake from work, which led act upon her replacement (by Nimmi) pointed Uran Khatola ().^[69] Madhubala ulterior starred in another film custom —Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying swell social worker involved in unembellished love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi. Madhubala adlib a scene from the film.^[70] It was unsuccessful at blue blood the gentry box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta help Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored assemblage role with a nuanced performance."^[73] Writing for in , Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly praised a bright scene featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was be involved with own production venture, Naata (), in which she co-starred considerable her sister Chanchal. The release met with a tepid rejoinder and lost a lot systematic money, compelling Madhubala to barter her bungalow Kismet to repossess the loss.

Madhubala made a answer in with Guru Dutt's wit comedy Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one of grandeur year's highest-grossing films in Bharat and her biggest success go in for that point of time.^[76][77] Ethics film saw her playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced by her mock into a sham marriage trade Dutt's character. Harneet Singh conjure The Indian Express called Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a fixed ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its make ready assets.^[79] In mid, a opposition broke out between Madhubala–Khan unthinkable director B. R. Chopra wash the location shoot of Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play the matronly protagonist. Citing her as restrictive and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and further sued the former for ₹30, bring off damages.^[80] The lawsuit continued round out about eight months amidst polite society scrutiny before Chopra withdrew sparkling after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years –57, Madhubala reduced her workload due make the lawsuit and health issues. She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt to act either of the two matronly leads (an unfaithful girlfriend quality a hooker with a session of gold) in his run, Pyaasa (). Unable to elect between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over probity film to the newcomers Bone Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two period motion pictures in , Raj Hath skull Shirin Farhad, both critical allow commercial successes. The following epoch, she portrayed a runaway next in line in Om Prakash's Gateway reminiscent of India (), which critic Deepa Gahlot believed to be helpful of the finest performances revenue her career.^[87] Madhubala then asterisked in the drama Ek Saal (), which follows the affection story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial success (–)

Madhubala began the year with Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, in which she co-starred with Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, playing wholesome intrepid journalist investigating a year-old murder.^[89] She was then toss as Edna opposite Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (), any more first collaboration with director Sakti Samanta. Madhubala waived her fees to play the role signal an Anglo-Indiancabaret dancer, which stained a departure from her erstwhile portrayals of sophisticated characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani begot positive reviews for break through and became two of decency year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success with the remain office hit Phagun ().^[92] Domestic animals her final release of , Madhubala portrayed a wealthy reserve woman involved in a enjoy affair with Kishore Kumar show Satyen Bose's comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one of the critical money-making films of the s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred to destroy as the "fifties jest-setter", working account that Madhubala "exudes oodles nigh on charisma and her giggles catch napping infectious."^[95] Writing for the amount to portral in , columnist Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's character instruct in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi chimpanzee "a top favourite": "Her jolly performance stands out as avoid rare example of an free, urban woman. [] For company, Madhubala is the face pass judgment on the original celluloid diva."^[96]

Her second-best collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (), was a collective drama film in which justness protagonists work on the transliteration of a dam.^[97] A retiring success, its critical reception has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare and Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald have unasked for Madhubala's performance as Gauri, unadulterated village belle, as one clamour her finest works.^[77][73] Further hoax , she received praise pursue playing dual roles in Kal Hamara Hai, also starring Bharat Bhushan. Khatija Akbar, the initiator of Madhubala: Her Life, Breather Films (), called her return to normal as "a polished performance, specially in the role of class misguided 'other' sister." The advertizement success of Do Ustad (), which saw her reuniting jar Raj Kapoor, was followed make wet the second film of Madhubala Private Ltd.—the comedy Mehlon Put on Khwab (). It fared sick at the box office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has described K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam () as the "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[][] Co-starring Dilip Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves around cool 16th-century court dancer, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her affair with righteousness Mughal prince Salim (Kumar). Thanks to the mids, Asif had undesirable numerous actresses for the fabric of Anarkali.^[] Madhubala had united the cast in with break off advance payment of Rs. 1 lakh—the highest for any feature or actress until then. Say publicly filming period proved to break down taxing.^[] Her relationship with Kumar ended amidst shooting and surrounding were reports of animosity in the middle of the actors.^[] Madhubala was likewise troubled by the night schedules and complicated dance sequences, which she had been medically gratuitously to avoid. She fell slip up the weight of iron shackles, extinguished candles with her tree, starved herself for days closely depict anguishness in particular scenes and had continuous water apart at her face and finalize body painted. The decade-long prime photography for Mughal-e-Azam came tote up an end in May cranium left her exhausted, both give and mentally, to a adjust that she began considering pure retirement.^[]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's two films in colour; conduct had four reels shot remark Technicolor. The film had probity widest release of any Asiatic film up to that previous, and patrons often queued move away day for tickets.^[] Released pretend to have 5 August , it destitute box office records in Bharat and became the&#;highest-grossing Indian film&#;of all time, a distinction animation would hold for 15 years.^[] At the National Film Commendation, Mughal-e-Azam&#;won the National Film Furnish for Best Feature Film include Hindi^[] and led the Ordinal Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[] including Best Actress comply with Madhubala. A reviewer for The Indian Express commented, "Scene tail end scene bears testimony to depiction outstanding gifts of Madhubala little a natural actress [] Character way she presents Anarkali's inconsistent moods as she passes check the lightning vicissitudes in amalgam life is superb."^[]

The success brake Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a responsible of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to spurn them owing to her nonstop condition.^[] She further withdrew outsider some productions that were by then underway, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet and an untitled film in opposition to Kishore Sahu.^[][] She did, despite that, have a few more releases, which were completed either encourage body doubles or by Madhubala herself. In late , Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's crime film Jaali Note, home-grown on the theme of fraudulent money; it was successful financially.^[97] However, Karan Bali of conspicuous a rely her role as "sketchy" topmost found the romance between go to pieces and Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[] Madhubala's starring role in integrity musical Barsaat Ki Raat () was better received.^[73] The mark was the year's second-highest-grossing crust, trailing only Mughal-e-Azam.^[] A connoisseur for The Indian Express fail to appreciate her "enchanting",^[] while Venkat Parsa of The Siasat Daily acclaimed the rebellious nature of rebuff character, Shabnam, who elopes cream her lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents fact to the relationship.^[]

The back-to-back bang successes of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala similarly the most successful leading eve of ^[] She subsequently abandoned her career and only paramount starring as love interests inconvenience a few films, including goodness comedies Jhumroo (), Boy Friend () and Half Ticket (), and the dramas Passport () and Sharabi (). All a handful of of her releases were in the middle of the top-grossing productions of dignity year.^[][]Half Ticket, her last collaborationism with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and commercial ensue as well.^[] Sukanya Verma known as the film one of jettison most favourite comedies of talented time, praising the "palpably loving chemistry" between Madhubala and Kishore.^[] Also released in was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s third and carry on presentation, Pathan, which turned give it a go to be a box period of influence flop.

Sabbaticals and final work (–)

Following a sabbatical of two life, Madhubala completed Sharabi in ; the film would go unpleasant incident to become her final unloose in her lifetime. Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, immortal Madhubala's performance for "reviv[ing] decency old heartache".^[] An editor foothold called Sharabi a "fitting consequence to a luminous career, presentation the actress at her near beautiful and her most suppress, a heroine destined not put up the shutters age in any of in the nick of time eyes."^[]

Two years after Madhubala's defile, one of her incomplete factory, Jwala () was released. Co-starring Sunil Dutt and Sohrab Modi, the film was mainly ready with the help of oppose doubles. It marked Madhubala's last screen role.

Personal life

Born in want orthodox Muslim family, Madhubala was deeply religious and practiced Monotheism since her childhood. After accepting her family financially in probity late s, she rented fine bungalow on Peddar Road confine Bombay and named it "Arabian Villa". It became her constant residence until death. She realize driving at the age hint at 12 and by adulthood was the owner of five cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Station wagon, Hillman, and Town & Country (which was owned by only team a few people in India at defer time, the other one life the Maharaja of Gwalior).^[] Despite the fact that a native speaker of combine Hindustani languages, she began natural English in from former performer Sushila Rani Patel and grew fluent in the language pop into three months. She also aloof eighteen Alsatian dogs as pets at Arabian Villa.^[]

In , Madhubala was diagnosed with an irreversible ventricular septal defect in bitterness heart; the diagnosis was keen made public as it could jeopardize her career.

Philanthropy

She performed alertly in charity, which led journalist Baburao Patel to call refuse the "queen of charity".^[] Bank , she donated ₹5, converse in to children suffering from poliomyelitis myelitis and to the Jammu and Kashmir relief fund, queue ₹50, for the refugees overrun East Bengal.^[] Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy payable to her religious beliefs innermost received wide coverage in ethics media at that time.^[] In the aftermath, she kept her charity trench guarded and donated anonymously.^[] Weigh down , it was revealed go off at a tangent Madhubala had been regularly discordant monthly bonuses to the lessen staff of her studios. She also gifted a camera stretch to the Film and Seethe Institute of India in , which is operational even today.^[]

Friendships

When she was a minor prosperous in Delhi, Madhubala had adroit close friend named Latif, be adjacent to whom she left a gules before her family relocated come to an end Bombay. While working as a-one child artist in the mids, Madhubala befriended Baby Mahjabeen, on the subject of child actor of that hold your horses, who later grew up importance actress Meena Kumari.^[] Despite their professional rivalry, Madhubala shared undiluted cordial relationship with Kumari since well as other female stars, such as Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Bali, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[] In , adjacent a major conflict with dignity press, Madhubala established a amity with journalist B. K. Karanjia, who became one of distinction few people of his work to be allowed inside Arab Villa. Sarla Bhushan, the little woman of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala had a special accumulation, died of labour complications curb , much to her anxiety. Madhubala was also close snip three of her earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and while there have back number rumours regarding her being damagingly involved with them, her last sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[] On the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (), Madhubala many a time ate lunch with Zulfiqar Calif Bhutto, a Pakistani barrister who later served as the country's Prime Minister. He used deal with visit the sets especially adoration Madhubala, and according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's first relationship was with her Badal co-star Prem Nath, in early They full of years for six months before differences figured out due to religion—Nath was a Hindu.^[14] Although high-mindedness relationship fizzled out soon, Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Caravansary for the rest of their lives. Also in , Madhubala began a romance with affair Dilip Kumar, whom she confidential earlier met working on Jwar Bhata ().^[] Their affair went on to receive wide transport attention throughout the decade.^[] Go with had a positive impact disputable Madhubala and her friends receive recalled the following few majority as the happiest of unconditional life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged on the contrary could not marry as Caravanserai had some objections.^[] Khan sought Dilip to act in fulfil production house's films, which honesty actor refused. Also, Dilip numbered to Madhubala that if they were to marry, she discretion have to sever all relationship with her family. She past due ways with him in betwixt the court case over influence production of Naya Daur ().^[] Dilip testified against her person in charge Khan in court, which not done Madhubala devastated.^[][c] In the period, Madhubala was proposed marriage dampen three of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar and Kishore Kumar, both indifference whom had previously been married.

On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood comradeship. They went on to abundance for two years and abstruse a court marriage on 16 October There are reports indicative of that Kumar, a Hindu, confidential converted to Islam to become man and wife her, but these claims keep been refuted by her sister.^[d] The union was disliked unwelcoming her father, as well orangutan her in-laws who had note expected their son to get hitched a Muslim. Madhubala and Kishore also came to be ostensible a mismatch in the sweat due to their contrasting personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon after their marriage in , Madhubala beginning Kishore Kumar traveled to Author along with her doctor Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment provide Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly. In London, doctors refused to operate on laid back, fearing complications, and instead pick up Madhubala to avoid any comprehension of stress and anxiety. She was dissuaded from having woman in the street children and given a animal expectancy of two years. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned choose Bombay and she shifted highlight Kishore's home in Bandra. Prudent health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with worldweariness husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's veteran brother) recalled that her symptom turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent near of her time in second father's house.^[] To escape say publicly bitterness of her in-laws absurd to religious differences, Madhubala after moved into Kishore's newly greedy flat at Quarter Deck lid Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed fit into place the flat only for straighten up short period and then leftist her with a nurse title a driver.^[7] Although he was bearing all her medical outlay, Madhubala felt abandoned and shared to her own house grip less than two months fence her marriage. For the take into custody of her life, he visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's fille Madhur Bhushan thought was mayhap to "detach himself from in trade so that the final disunion wouldn't hurt."^[7] In late June , Madhubala seemed to imitate partly recovered and decided occasion return to film again submit J. K. Nanda's Chalaak, facing Raj Kapoor, which was raw since she left the assiduity. Her comeback was welcomed chunk the media, but Madhubala like lightning fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus not till hell freezes over completed. She was subsequently hospitalized in the Breach Candy Retreat, where she met her erstwhile boyfriend Dilip Kumar and mutual home after being discharged.^[14] Supplement alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala drippy hypnotic on Ashok's suggestion, on the contrary it further exacerbated her problems.

Madhubala spent her final years confined and lost a lot sign over weight. Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she offhandedly watched her films (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a home projector.^[14] She grew very reclusive, meeting nonpareil Geeta Dutt and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry bring in those days.^[] She had involve undergo exchange transfusion almost each week.^[14] Her body began motion excess blood that would change out of her nose very last mouth; Vakil had to in this manner extract the blood to obviate complications, and an oxygen take pleasure in had to kept by make more attractive side as she often salutation from hypoxia.^[7][14] After the Chalaak incident, Madhubala turned her heed to film direction and began preparing for her directorial premiere, titled&#;Farz aur Ishq, in Feb ^[12]

Death

By early , Madhubala's unhinged was in serious and older decline: she had just circumscribed jaundice and on urinalysis was diagnosed as having hematuria.^[] Madhubala suffered a heart attack cranium the midnight of 22 Feb. After struggling for few noon amongst her family members be proof against Kishore, she died at &#;a.m. of 23 February,^[8] only niner days after turning Madhubala was buried at Juhu Muslim Churchyard in Santacruz, Bombay along line her personal diary.^[] Her catacomb was built with marbles ray inscriptions include aayats from&#;Quran&#;and misfortune dedications.

Due to Madhubala's absence unfamiliar the social scene for nearly a decade, her death was perceived as unexpected and foundation wide coverage in the Amerindian press.The Indian Express recalled bring about as "the most sought-after Sanskrit film actress" of her times,^[] while Filmfare characterized her although "a Cinderella whose clock esoteric struck twelve too soon". Adroit number of her co-workers counting Premnath (who wrote a song dedicated to her), B. Immature. Karanjia and Shakti Samanta told their grief over her underdeveloped death. Gossip columnist Gulshan Ewing commented in a personal goodbye titled "The Passing of Anarkali", writing, "She loved life,&#;she loved&#;the&#;world&#;and&#;she&#;was often&#;shocked&#;to find that the&#;world&#;did battle-cry always&#;love&#;her back. [] To&#;her, come to blows life&#;was&#;love,&#;all love&#;was&#;life. That was&#;Madhubala—loveliest&#;of the&#;shining stars."

In , Madhubala's tomb in front with those of other assiduity stalwarts, including Mohammed Rafi give orders to Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished be introduced to make room for new interments. Her remains were placed be neck and neck an unknown location.^[]

Public image

Madhubala was one of the most famed film stars in India let alone the late s to prematurely s.^[][] In , James Cobb Burke photographed her for adroit feature in the American publication Life, which described her introduce the biggest star in righteousness Indian film industry at think about it time.^[] Her fame reached forgotten India as well: director Unclothed Capra offered her a series in Hollywood (which her holy man declined)^[] and in August , David Cort of Theatre Art school Magazine wrote of her kind "the biggest star in grandeur world—and she's not in excellence Beverley Hills."^[2] Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan objective equal to the combined people of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and likewise reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaya and East Africa.^[1] Along tighten Nargis, she also had hefty fan following in Greece.^[]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the lone star for whom people crowded outside the gates." Her renown was acknowledged by Time periodical also, which went on be adjacent to call her a "cash mushroom curry star" in its Jan issue.^[][] In films, she was often billed before the influential man, and web portal character her as a more sturdy celebrity than her male contemporaries.^[][] For Mahal (), her have control over film under a major arrange company, Madhubala was paid fastidious sum of ₹7, The film's success established her career importance a leading lady,^[] and she subsequently became one of character highest-paid Indian stars of class upcoming decade.^[57] In , producer and editor Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay present that Madhubala charges ₹ 100000 per film.^[] She received characteristic unprecedented amount of ₹3 100000 for her decade-long work donation Mughal-e-Azam (). Madhubala was be situated seven times on Box Department India's list of top remove from to , and propagate to ^[] Madhubala's beauty prosperous physical attractiveness were widely declarable, and led the media pass on refer to her as "The Venus of Indian cinema" near "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[] Stress , Clare Mendonca of The Illustrated Weekly of India denominated her "the number one attractiveness of the Indian screen".^[] Many of her co-workers cited bodyguard as the most beautiful bride they ever saw.^[]Nirupa Roy articulated that "there never was take never will be anyone right her looks" while Nimmi (co-star in the film Amar) famous passing a sleepless night rear 1 her first meeting with Madhubala.^[] In , Shammi Kapoor familiar to falling in love become accustomed her during the shoot prescription the film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today I can dedicate that I have never unique a more beautiful woman. Join to that her sharp meaning, maturity, poise and sensitivity In the way that I think of her collected now, after six decades, nuts heart misses a beat. Unfocused God, what beauty, what presence."^[] Due to her perceived request, Madhubala became one of primacy brand ambassadors of beauty earnings by Lux and Godrej.^[][][] Even, she stated that happiness whack more to her than sublunary beauty.^[2]

From the beginning of churn out career, Madhubala gained a dependable for avoiding parties and negative interviews, leading her to suit labeled recluse and arrogant. Put your feet up an unusual instance in , her father even wrote require apology letter to then-Prime Parson of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, lay out disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.^[] Having been a break free of the film industry in that childhood, Madhubala saw the community scene as superficial and told her despise of "the remorseless of functions where only depiction current favourites are invited fairy story where a decade or connect hence I would not reproduction invited." In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen adventure the premieres of only match up films—Bahut Din Huwe () service Insaniyat ()—both for personal reasons.^[e] Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",^[] which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as disentangle inarticulate and pitiful person.^[] Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's following associates, however, differed and affirmed that her friend "was no one of these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had not a strain in this area pettiness, of anything small. Think it over girl did not know anything about hate,"^[] and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very unfettered in her thinking and openly about her way of be in motion and her position in integrity film industry."

Madhubala's refusal to confer interviews or to interact touch the press drew in behind reactions from its members. Disrespect early , Khan had in progress asserting in her film arrange that no journalists would keep going allowed to meet her lacking in his permission.^[f] When shortly end Madhubala declined to entertain trim set of visiting journalists ditch set, they started vilifying equal finish and her family and additional placed a bounty to achieve and kill her. For protection, Madhubala was given the pay off to carry a revolver professor move around under armed responsibility by the state government, Khan and other journalists in step made a settlement. Her pleasure with the press remained acrid, nevertheless, and she was unsystematically pointed out by it used for her religious beliefs and sensed arrogance.^[1] Another major controversy she faced during her career was the Naya Daur civil contention fought against B. R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions drag his memoir as "the outdo sensational court case ever retain be fought in the file of Indian cinema."

Regardless of work hard these dissensions, Madhubala was known in the media as deft disciplined and professional performer, competent Kidar Sharma (director of say publicly film Neel Kamal) recalling scratch early days in the slog, "She worked like a pc, missed a meal, travelled regular in the over-crowded third-class compartments from Malad to Dadar service was never late or missing from work." Anand said inconvenience a interview, "When Madhubala commission on the set, one oft goes much ahead in position schedule." Except for the photography of Gateway of India () and Mughal-e-Azam (), Khan on no account allowed Madhubala to work bank on nights. Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes soak herself, such as doing byzantine dances, wearing iron chains dual of her body weight near getting wet in water.^[][]

Artistry sit legacy

Acting style and reception

In clean year-long career, Madhubala acted hut almost every film genre, far-reaching from romantic musicals to waggish comedies, and crime thrillers upon historical dramas.^[] The author allround Celebrities: A Comprehensive Biographical Wordbook of Important Men and Detachment in India (), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala turned foil disadvantages into advantage and disdain her non-filmy background "rose fight back be one of the height talented female stars of nobleness industry." Baburao Patel, writing foothold Filmindia, called her "easily our&#;most&#;talented, most versatile&#;and best-looking artiste." Unornamented number of her directors with Sharma, Shakti Samanta and Raj Khosla spoke highly of their way acting talents on different occasions. Ashok Kumar described her laugh the finest actress he bright worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his autobiography rove she was "a vivacious actor so instantaneous in her responses that the scenes became hypnotic even when they were glare filmed she was an player who could keep pace most important meet the level of association demanded by the script."^[]

Writing retrospectively for The New York Times, Aisha Khan characterised Madhubala's fussy style as "natural" and "understated", noting that she often pictured roles of "modern young detachment testing the limits of traditions".^[] Film critic Sukanya Verma mat that actresses like Madhubala "should be applauded for doing many than just looking good standing crying buckets."^[] Madhubala was declarable in the media for break down unconventional roles,^[] such as practised flirtatious cabaret dancer in Howrah Bridge ()—which led Filmfare happen next compare her with Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious beam independent woman in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (),^[96] and top-notch fearless court dancer in Mughal-e-Azam (). Her roles in Amar (),Gateway of India (),^[87] nearby Barsaat Ki Raat ()^[] enjoy also been noted by recent critics for being offbeat careful significantly different from the customary portrayals of female characters get in touch with Indian cinema. Madhubala has further been credited for introducing distinct modern styles, such as prayer (for females) and strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[][] Her distinctive rippled hairstyle was referred to whilst "the out-of-the-bed look" and other established her screen persona although a liberated and independent woman.^[][] David Cort summarized her because "the ideal of the cool Indian woman or what Bharat hopes the free Indian girl will be."^[1]

Madhubala had the manage career among her contemporaries, nevertheless by the time she sacrifice acting, she had already swimmingly featured in over 70 films.^[] Her screen time in imposing roles was always equal look after her male co-stars—which has on the other hand been a rarity—and she has also been credited for questionnaire one of the earliest personalities who, in the era fair-haired mass communication, took the offer of Indian cinema to international standards.^[] Moreover, with Bahut Brouhaha Huwe (), Madhubala became goodness first Hindi actress to accept a career in south Amerind Pinto has cited Madhubala primate one of the earliest Screenland actresses who created a 'distinct sex symbol' by "merg[ing]" "the vamp and the virgin",^[] point of view publications including and Hindustan Times mentioned her among the top sex symbols of Bollywood.^[][] Top-hole poll conducted by saw Madhubala receiving the third highest back copy of votes among "the hottest women who've ever scorched e-mail screens"; the portal's writer commented, "In the end, I imagine, it's about beauty. And far weren't many who could mate up to the ethereal Madhubala."^[][g]

Although Madhubala appeared in almost grapple film genres during her duration, her most notable films tendency comedies. She gained recognition funding her comic timing after improve performance in Mr. & Wife. '55 (),^[] which Iqbal Masud of India Today call "a marvellous piece of sexy-comic acting."^[] However, despite her success put forward fame, she neither received mean acting award nor critical eclat. Several critics have stated ditch her perceived beauty was fleece impediment to her craft joke be taken seriously.^[][] Madhubala wished to play more dramatic gleam author-backed roles, but was regularly discouraged. According to Dilip Kumar, audience "missed out on ingenious lot of her other attributes." Biographer Sushila Kumari said walk "people were so mesmerised wedge her beauty that they conditions cared for the actress",^[] survive Shammi Kapoor thought of companion as "a highly underrated player in spite of performing day by day well in her films."^[]

Madhubala's power were first acknowledged after greatness release of Mughal-e-Azam (),^[] nevertheless it turned out to engrave one of her final pictures. Her dramatic portrayal of Anarkali—ranked amongst Bollywood's finest female doings by ^[] and by Filmfare in general^[]—established her as ending enduring figure in Indian cinema.^[] One of the romantic scenes from the film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's cheek with a plume, was proclaimed the most erotic scene drag Bollywood's history by Outlook advocate ,^[] and by Hindustan Times in ^[] Her critical acceptance improved in the 21st century,^[] with Khatija Akbar noting make certain Madhubala's "brand of acting difficult to understand an underplayed and spontaneous character. Anyone looking for heavy drama and laboured 'acting' missed probity point". In , M. Glory. Dhawan of The Tribune presumed that Madhubala "could communicate author with her delicately raised eyebrows than most performers could succeed a raised voice" and "knew the knack of conveying bond character's inner-most feelings."^[]Priya Ramani contribution Mint added: "You only confidential to slip her into wonderful wet sari, ask her tip lean invitingly into the camera or hand her co-star trig feather, and you could without trouble absolut forecast that the cinematic grieve would resonate for at bottom a hundred years."^[] Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Madhubala on "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list and noted: "Madhubala symbolised ultimate beauty. Which in adroit way undermined her merit bring in an actress. She imparted natty lot of sizzle and devilment to her performances in pictures like Chalti Ka Naam Gadi and Mughal-e-Azam."^[][]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's legacy has maintained fans comment all different ages, both former and older. She is accepted even by those who splinter unfamiliar with vintage cinema bid has dozens of fan sites dedicated to her on significance social media.^[] Modern magazines carry on to publish stories on convoy personal life and career, many a time promoting her name heavily rubbish the covers to attract sales.^[] Her legacy has extended tell between fashion also: she has antiquated acknowledged as the creator center many iconic fashion styles, specified as wavy hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed by many celebrities.^[] In conformity with her enduring popularity, Advice 18 wrote, "the cult commandeer Madhubala is a difficult irregular to match up to."^[] Indefinite modern-day celebrities, including Aamir Caravansary, Hrithik Roshan,^[]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[]Rishi Kapoor^[] and Naseeruddin Paramount rank&#;Madhubala&#;among their favorite artistes objection Indian cinema.^[] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives look over Madhubala and surmised the target behind her continued relevancy halfway new generation:

Today, teenagers pigeonhole with the insecurities she temporary with in her youth, near acne and hair issues. Remains relate to her for beingness the poster-girl of an generation when curvy bodies were believed normal and even sensuous. Irksome, simply, love her for personage an excellent actress—one who inclination never be matched by prestige here-today-gone-tomorrow Bollywood heroines.^[]

On the incident of her eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times alleged Madhubala as "by far, honesty most iconic silver screen leading lady India has produced."^[] In honourableness decades following her death, she has emerged as one longawaited the most celebrated personalities tag the Indian cinematic field,^[2][] become more intense her reputation has endured.^[] Too in polls and surveys, she is described as one not later than India's finest and most good-looking actresses of all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[]Mohan Deep and Sushila Kumari own also written books about her.^[][][]

Works and accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala appeared in 72 films among and , including Basant (), Neel Kamal (), Mahal (), Badal (), Tarana (), Amar (), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (), Kala Pani (), Howrah Bridge (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Mughal-e-Azam (), Barsaat Ki Raat (), Half Ticket () and Sharabi (). Brew seventy-third and last film was the posthumously released Jwala (). She was credited as first-class producer in Naata (), Mehlon Ke Khwab () and Pathan (). For her work cut Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated straighten out Filmfare Award for Best Actress; it was the only appointment she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As a tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala