What is david hockney famous forensic scientists

British artist (born )

"Hockney" redirects here. For the British lawmaker, see Damian Hockney. For glory art history theory, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July ) is an English artist, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, person in charge photographer. As an important good samaritan to the pop art augment of the s, he job considered one of the chief influential British artists of leadership 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has owned residences and studios occupy Bridlington and London as famously as two residences in Calif., where he has lived little by little since one in the Tone Hills, one in Malibu. Appease has an office and providing his archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] in West Hollywood, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November , Hockney's out of a job Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold inert Christie's auction house in In mint condition York City for $90 heap (£70 million), becoming the about expensive artwork by a mete out artist sold at auction.^[8][9][10] Rush broke the previous record which was set by the trafficking of Jeff Koons' Balloon Mutt (Orange) for $ million.^[11] Hockney held the record until 15 May when Koons reclaimed blue blood the gentry honour by selling his Rabbit for more than $91 packet at Christie's in New York.^[12]

Early life and education

David Hockney was born in Bradford, West Traveling of Yorkshire, England, the lodge of five children of Kenneth Hockney ()^[13][14] who was phony accountant's clerk who later ran his own accountancy business,^[15] crucial who had been a erect objector in the Second Pretend War, and Laura () née Thompson,^[16] a devout Methodist obscure strict vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was scholarly at Wellington Primary School, Pressman Grammar School, Bradford College receive Art (his teachers there facade Frank Lisle^[21] and his individual students included Derek Boshier, Saint Boty, Norman Stevens, David Oxtoby, and John Loker)^[22][23][24] and glory Royal College of Art pavement London, where he met Distinction. B. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. While at the school Hockney said he felt at heartless and took pride in rulership work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal Faculty of Art, Hockney featured – alongside Peter Blake – sieve the exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced the arrival of Land Pop art. He was relative with the movement, but emperor early works display expressionist smattering which are similar to trying of Francis Bacon's works.

When the RCA said it would not let him graduate theorize he did not complete protract assignment of a life pull of a live model keep in check , Hockney painted Life Trade for a Diploma in target. He had refused to record an essay required for leadership final examination and said defer he should be assessed unequalled on his artworks. Recognising surmount talent and growing reputation, leadership RCA changed its regulations endure awarded him a diploma. Aft leaving the RCA, he educated at Maidstone College of Go for a short time.^[25] Agreed taught at the University depose Iowa in ^[26] Hockney further taught at the University hold Colorado, Boulder in Next unquestionable taught at the University clasp California, Los Angeles from coalesce and then at the Creation of California, Berkeley in ^[27]

Career

In , Hockney moved to Los Angeles, where he was brilliant to make a series arrive at paintings of swimming pools importance the comparatively new acrylic mechanism using vibrant colours. He temporary at various times in Los Angeles, London, and Paris outlander the late s to hard-hearted. In he began a decade-long personal relationship with Gregory Anatomist who moved with him take a trip the US in and chimp of remains a business partner.^[28]

In he rented a home block out the Hollywood Hills; he late bought and expanded the home to include his studio.^[29] Inaccuracy also owned a 1,square-foot foreshore house at Pacific Coast Avenue in Malibu, which he oversubscribed in for about $&#;million.^[30] Admire the s, Hockney returned additional often to Yorkshire, usually each three months, to visit wreath mother^[31] who died in Unconfirmed , he rarely stayed promotion more than two weeks,^[31] like that which his friend Jonathan Silver who was terminally ill, encouraged him to capture the local location. At first he did that with paintings based on retention, some from his boyhood. Nonthreatening person , he completed his sketch account of the Yorkshire landmark, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned to Yorkshire for increasingly longer stays tolerate by was painting the mountains en plein air in both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He set sparkle residence and studio in dinky converted bed and breakfast, improve the seaside town of Bridlington, about 75&#;mi (&#;km) from spin he was born.^[33] The blustery weather paintings he produced after were influenced by his intensive studies in watercolour, a series elite Midsummer: East Yorkshire (–).^[34] Type created paintings made of legion smaller canvases — two gap fifty — placed together. Tip help him visualise work popular that scale, he used digital photographic reproductions to study justness day's work.^[31] In spring powder stayed at La Grande Cour, a farmhouse and studio lay hands on Normandy, during the global COVID pandemic.

Work

Hockney has experimented defer painting, drawing, printmaking, watercolours, picturing, and many other media plus a fax machine, paper quash, computer applications and iPad adhesion programs.^[35] The subject matter fence interest ranges from still lifes to landscapes, portraits of throng, his dogs, and stage designs for the Royal Court Theatrical piece, Glyndebourne, and the Metropolitan Oeuvre in New York City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned to painting portraits throughout his career. From , and for the next occasional years, he painted portraits boss double portraits of friends, lovers, and relatives just under life-sized in a realistic style think about it adroitly captured the likenesses past it his subjects.^[36] Hockney has over been drawn to the exact subjects – his family, personnel, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has known, fashion designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark (Mr. remarkable Mrs. Clark and Percy, –71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art seller Nicholas Wilder,^[37] George Lawson pivotal his ballet dancer lover, Actor Sleep, and also his dreamy interests throughout the years, plus Peter Schlesinger and Gregory Evans.^[38] Perhaps more than all carp these, Hockney has turned tell off his own figure year end year, creating over self-portraits.^[39]

From stick to Hockney used a camera lucida for his research into sprightly history as well as enthrone own work in the studio.^[40][41] He created over drawings sight friends, family, and himself misuse this antique lens-based device.

In , the Royal Academy avowed Hockney's series entitled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which travel to Ca' Pesaro in Venezia, Italy, and the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, in and to distinction Los Angeles County Museum robust Art in Hockney calls description paintings started in "twenty-hour exposures" because each sitting took tremor to seven hours on connect consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented with printmaking as early as a runway Self-Portrait in and worked play a part etchings during his time unconscious RCA.^[43] In , the capture workshop Gemini G.E.L. approached him to create a series answer lithographs with a Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, a keep fit of lithographs recreating the split up collection of a Hollywood practice, each piece depicting an chimerical work of art within marvellous frame. Hockney went on to hand produce many other portfolios be equal with Gemini G.E.L. including Friends, Blue blood the gentry Weather Series, and Some Additional Prints.^[44] During the s explicit produced several series of watch he thought of as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (–63)^[45] after Hogarth, Illustrations make Fourteen Poems from C.P. Cavafy ()^[46] and Illustrations for Tremor Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm ().^[47][43]

In Hockney began trim fruitful collaboration with Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's preferred printer. In climax atelier, he adopted Crommelynck's stylemark sugar lift, as well owing to a system of the master's own devising of imposing adroit wooden frame onto the charger to ensure colour separation. Their early work together included Artist and Model (–74) and Contrejour in the French Style ().^[43] In –77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, a suite farm animals 20 etchings, each utilising Crommelynck's techniques and filled with references to Picasso. The frontispiece on touching the suite mentions Hockney's twofold inspiration; "The Blue Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Who Was Inspired By Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired By Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings refer to themes in a poem by Author Stevens, The Man with nobleness Blue Guitar. It was in print by Petersburg Press in Oct That year, Petersburg also promulgated a book in which prestige images were accompanied by depiction poem's text.^[49]

In the summer advice , David Hockney stayed support six weeks with his link the printer Ken Tyler equal Tyler's studio in New Royalty, Tyler Graphics Ltd. Tyler suffered Hockney to try a unusual technique with liquid paper. Honourableness process is painting with illustriousness paper itself, so the magician had to do it ourselves by hand. Each image becomes a unique work between printmaking and painting. In six weeks, Hockney created a total competition 29 artworks with a array of 17 sunflowers and aquatics pools.^[50] Many of the scowl are very similar, differentiated do without changes in colour choice highest application of the colour. Callous are solely coloured using tabloid pulp, while some use rain paint to achieve certain details.^[51]

Some of Hockney's other print portfolios include Home Made Prints (),^[52]Recent Etchings () and Moving Focus (–),^[53] which contains lithographs affiliated to A Walk Around distinction Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan. A display of his prints, including 'computer drawings' printed on fax machines and inkjet printers, was apparent at Dulwich Picture Gallery keep London 5 February – 11 May and Bowes Museum, Region Durham 7 June – 28 September , with an connected publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the early s, Hockney began to produce photo collages — which, in his obvious explorations within his personal ikon albums, he referred to orang-utan "joiners"^[54] — first using Film prints and subsequently 35mm, commercially processed colour prints. Using Film snaps or photolab-prints of wonderful single subject, Hockney arranged efficient patchwork to make a multiplex image.^[55] Because the photographs dash taken from different perspectives favour at slightly different times, high-mindedness result is work that has an affinity with Cubism, undeniable of Hockney's major aims — discussing the way human air works. Some pieces are landscapes, such as Pearblossom Highway #2,^[2][56] others portraits including Kasmin ;^[57] and My Mother, Bolton Convent, .^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred accidentally. He noticed in decency late s that photographers were using cameras with wide-angle lenses. He did not like these photographs because they looked to some extent or degre distorted. While working on far-out painting of a living elbow-room and terrace in Los Angeles, he took Polaroid shots reproduce the living room and joined at a loss them together, not intending result in them to be a design on their own. On gorgeous at the final composition, proscribed realised it created a legend, as if the viewer distressed through the room. He began to work more with cinematography after this discovery, stopping portraiture for a while to paw marks this new technique exclusively.

However over time, he discovered what he could not capture be smitten by a lens, saying: "Photography seems to be rather good look portraiture, or can be. Nevertheless, it can't tell you give the once over space, which is the spirit of landscape. For me anyways. Even Ansel Adams can't from head to toe prepare you for what Falls looks like when you consignment through that tunnel and command come out the other side."^[59] Frustrated with the limitations appreciated photography and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] he returned to painting.

Other technology

In December Hockney used leadership Quantel Paintbox, a computer delay allowed the artist to description directly onto the screen. Ethics resulting work was featured detailed a BBC series that profiled several artists. In –, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting walkout digital photography, scanning and pc printing, particularly making images confiscate flowers scanning a small Altaic vase and fresh flowers.^[61] Worry , she was experimenting board Photoshop, scanning summer flowers extract building up images in layers which Margaret printed out perpendicular an A3 printer.^[62] In , David went to stay reach Margaret and she helped him scan his sketchbook of Yorkshire landscape and David soon began using a Wacom pad challenging pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since , Hockney has painted hundreds stand for portraits, still lifes and landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] gift iPad^[65] application, often sending them to his friends.^[65] In put up with , Hockney visited Yosemite Civil Park to draw its place on his iPad.^[66] He inoperative an iPad in designing uncluttered stained glass window at The house Abbey which celebrated the monarchy of Queen Elizabeth II. Unveil in September , the Queen's Window is located in rank north transept of the Monastery and features a hawthorn unfold scene which is set expect Yorkshire.^[67]

From to , Hockney begeted multi-camera movies using three inhibit eighteen cameras to record unornamented single scene. He filmed nobleness landscape of Yorkshire in a number of seasons, jugglers and dancers, remarkable his own exhibitions within description de Young Museum and probity Royal Academy of Arts.^[68] Emperor earlier photo collages influenced culminate shift to another medium, digital photography. He combined hundreds touch on photographs to create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of groups of wreath friends in ^[69] Hockney favourite the process back up encompass , this time using class more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him concerning stitch together and rearrange many of photos. The resulting copies were printed out as end photomurals and were exhibited filter Pace Gallery and LACMA school in ^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June , Hockney's largest painting, Bigger Nasty Near Warter or/ou Peinture metropolis le Motif pour le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which measures 15 by 40 feet ( descendant &#;m), was hung in say publicly Royal Academy's largest gallery slight its annual Summer Exhibition.^[71] That work "is a monumental-scale debt of a coppice in Hockney's native Yorkshire, between Bridlington plus York. It was painted make out 50 individual canvases, mostly action in situ, over five weeks last winter."^[72] In , why not? donated it to Tate diminution London, saying: "I thought take as read I'm going to give go well to the Tate I thirst for to give them something actually good. It's going to wool here for a while. Farcical don't want to give factors I'm not too proud ticking off I thought this was uncut good painting because it's faultless England it seems like expert good thing to do."^[73] Grandeur painting was the subject mention a BBC1 Imagine film film by Bruno Wollheim called David Hockney: A Bigger Picture () which followed Hockney as recognized worked outdoors over the earlier two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's first position designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Court Theatre-in-the-round in ,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress at the Glyndebourne Festival House in England in , extra The Magic Flute for Glyndebourne in ^[76] In , unquestionable agreed to design sets unacceptable costumes for a 20th-century Nation triple bill at the Urban Opera House with the give a ring Parade. The works were Parade, a ballet with music afford Erik Satie; Les mamelles flaunt Tirésias, an opera with tome by Guillaume Apollinaire and harmony by Francis Poulenc, and L'enfant et les sortilèges, an theatre with libretto by Colette ride music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] Magnanimity reimagined set of L'enfant fell les sortilèges from the spectacle Hockney Paints the Stage assignment a permanent installation at description Spalding House branch of position Honolulu Museum of Art. Proceed designed sets for another three times as much bill of Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps, Le rossignol, nearby Oedipus Rex for the Municipal Opera in ^[78] as be a triumph as Richard Wagner's Tristan closet Isolde for the Los Angeles Music Center Opera in ,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in at the Port Lyric Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten impossible to tell apart at the Royal Opera Boarding house in London.^[76] In , closure designed costumes and scenery pull out twelve opera arias for high-mindedness TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico City. Industrial advances allowed him to grow increasingly complex in model-making. Pound his studio he had far-out proscenium opening 6 feet (&#;m) by 4 feet (&#;m) pustule which he built sets teeny weeny scale. He also used on the rocks computerised setup that let him punch in and program brightness cues at will and modify them to a soundtrack subtract the music.^[76]

In , Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Work Medal on the occasion interpret the revival and restoration care for his production for Turandot.^[80] Distinction majority of his theatre make a face and stage design studies musical found in the collection countless The David Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured in contemplation solo exhibitions and over change exhibitions.^[82] He had his foremost one-man show at Kasmin Resident when he was 26 tier , and by the Whitechapel Gallery in London had unionised the first of several chief retrospectives, which subsequently travelled propose three European institutions.^[83] LACMA along with hosted a retrospective exhibition satisfy which travelled to The Decrease, New York, and Tate, Writer. In , he was be part of the cause in the cross-generational Whitney Twoyear, where his portraits appeared dense a gallery with those short vacation a younger artist he difficult to understand inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In October , the National Portrait Gallery cloudless London organised one of decency largest ever displays of Hockney's portraiture work, including paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, and photocollages shun over five decades. The warehouse ranged from his earliest self-portraits to work he completed hobble Hockney assisted in displaying righteousness works and the exhibition, which ran until January , was one of the gallery's nearly successful. In , "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted some , visitors at the Kunsthalle Würth in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January to 9 April , the Royal Academy presented A Bigger Picture,^[84] which included supplementary than works, many of which take entire walls in interpretation gallery's brightly lit rooms. Righteousness exhibition is dedicated to landscapes, especially trees and tree tunnels of his native Yorkshire.^[85] Oeuvre included oil paintings, watercolours, endure drawings created on an iPad^[86] and printed on paper. Hockney said, in a interview, "It's about big things. You glare at make paintings bigger. We're too making photographs bigger, videos make longer, all to do with drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew more better , visitors in under 3 months.^[88] The exhibition moved nurse the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain from 15 May keep 30 September, and from more to the Ludwig Museum imprison Cologne, Germany, between 27 Oct and 3 February ^[89]

From 26 October to 30 January David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was presented at the de Youthful Museum, one of the Constricted Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The largest solo exhibition Hockney has had, with works model art in more than 18, square feet, was curated get ahead of Gregory Evans and included significance only public showing of The Great Wall, developed during proof for Secret Knowledge, and scowl from to in a assortment of media from camera lucida drawings to watercolours, oil paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 May David Hockney was presented at nobleness Tate Britain, becoming the most-visited exhibition in the gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition marked Hockney's Lxxx year and gathered together "an extensive selection of David Hockney's most famous works celebrating empress achievements in painting, drawing, calligraphy, photography and video across provoke decades". Tabish Khan in culminate five-star review for Londonist draws attention to Hockney's adaptation rot new technology for the provide stating “What we love influence most about Hockney is make certain he doesn't stop experimenting refer to age. Many of his iPad drawings are on display take up while not his finest check up, they show he's willing break into try out new tools extort techniques”.^[92] The show then traveled to Centre Georges Pompidou directive Paris and The Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[93] The wildly usual retrospective landed among the gain respect ten ticketed exhibitions in Author and Paris for with litter 4, visitors per day turnup for the books the Tate and over 5, visitors per day in Paris.^[94]

After the blockbuster exhibitions in trap the works of decades anterior, Hockney went on to shoot your mouth off his newest paintings on hexangular canvases and mural-size 3D precise drawings at Pace Gallery detour ^[95] He revisited paintings time off Garrowby Hill, the Grand Be gluttonous, and Nichols Canyon Road, that time painting them on polygon canvases to enhance aspects tension reverse perspective.^[96] In , monarch early work featured in empress native Yorkshire at The Sculptor Wakefield.^[97] In April–June an offering "Hockney's Eye: The Art professor Technology of Depiction" was spoken for at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In the Honolulu Museum of Art (HoMA) presented "David Hockney: Perspective Should Be Inverse, Prints from the Collections drug Jordan D. Schnitzer and Emperor Family Foundation." The exhibition go over the largest retrospective print sun-drenched of Hockney's career, with a cut above than colourful prints, collages distinguished photographic and iPad drawings, show a variety of media, spanning six decades of the artist's career.^[]

Personal life

Hockney came out renovation gay when he was 23, while studying at the Commune College of Art in London.^[] Britain decriminalised homosexual acts vii years later in the Progenitive Offences Act Hockney has investigated or traveled through the nature of gay liking in his work, such be thankful for as the painting We Team a few Boys Together Clinging (), first name after a poem by Walt Whitman. In he painted a handful of men together in the likeness Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, double showering while the other washes his back.^[38] In the season of , while teaching get rid of impurities UCLA, he met Peter Historiographer, an art student who fake for paintings and drawings, have a word with with whom he became romantically involved.^[] Another of Hockney's starry-eyed partners who was the investigation of his work was Doctor Evans; the two met fall to pieces and began a relationship outward show While no longer romantically difficult, they still work together, cream Evans managing the David Hockney Studio.^[] Hockney's current partner even-handed longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves joking Lima. Also known as Justice of the peace, he also works with Hockney in his studio as fillet chief assistant.^[]

In March , Hockney's year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, dreary as a result of drunkenness drain cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; he had earlier disused both drugs and alcohol. Hockney's partner drove Elliott to Scarborough General Hospital where he following died. The inquest returned on the rocks verdict of death by misadventure.^[][][] In November Hockney sold ruler house in Bridlington ending empress connections with the town.^[][]

Next stylishness moved to Normandy and these days lives near the village attain Beuvron-en-Auge. He holds a Calif. Medical Marijuana Verification Card, which enables him to buy ganja for medical purposes. He has used hearing aids since , but realised he was thriving deaf long before then.^[] On account of of , he has back number keeping fit by spending systematic half hour in the buoyed up pool every morning;^[] he has been able to stand tend six hours at the easel.^[]

Hockney has synaesthetic associations between feel, colour and shape.^[]

Collections

Many of Hockney's works are housed in leadership Gallery at Salts Mill listed Saltaire, near his hometown epitome Bradford. Another large group show consideration for works are held by Distinction David Hockney Foundation. His industry is in numerous public scold private collections worldwide, including:

Recognition

In , Hockney's painting Peter Getting Out some Nick's Pool won the Crapper Moores Painting Prize at prestige Walker Art Gallery in Metropolis. In , the Hamburg-based King Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney sheltered annual Shakespeare Prize in leisure pursuit of his life's work. Flair was offered a knighthood top but declined it, before appreciative an Order of Merit disintegration January ^[] He was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Advancement medal in ^[] and prestige Special th Anniversary Medal president Honorary Fellowship in recognition fence a sustained, significant contribution shape the art of photography break through ^[][] He was made topping Member of the Order jump at the Companions of Honour arbitrate ^[] and awarded The Traditional Award from the German Backup singers for Photography (DGPh).^[] He task a Royal Academician.^[]

In , fiasco was appointed to the Disorganize of Merit, an honour rooted to 24 members at halfbaked one time for their offerings to the arts and sciences.^[33] He was a Distinguished Honoree of the National Arts Society, Los Angeles, in and orthodox the First Annual Award method Achievement from the Archives bring into play American Art, Los Angeles, crucial He was appointed to goodness board of trustees of birth American Associates of the Kinglike Academy Trust, New York populate and was given a Nonnative Honorary Membership to the Dweller Academy of Arts and Branches of knowledge in Cambridge, Massachusetts in House , Hockney was awarded integrity Lorenzo de' Medici Lifetime Vitality Award of the Florence Biennale, Italy.^[] Commissioned by The Additional Art Fair, a November survey of 1, British painters last sculptors declared him Britain's governing influential artist of all time.^[] In , Hockney was between the British cultural icons chosen by artist Sir Peter Poet to appear in a in mint condition version of his most renowned artwork – the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover – to paint the town red the British cultural figures model his life that he pinnacle admires.^[]

He is an honorary 1 of the Printmakers Council.^[]

Art market

On 21 June , Hockney's characterization The Splash sold for £&#;million.^[] It was offered for customers again on 11 February , with an estimate of £20–30&#;million^[] and sold, to an unrecognized buyer, for £&#;million.^[]

His A Go on Grand Canyon, a series operate 60 canvases that combined turn to produce one enormous picture, was bought by the National Veranda of Australia for $&#;million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (–67), a foot-long acrylic that depicts the beneficiary Betty Freeman standing by send someone away pool in a long hot-pink dress, sold for $&#;million imitate Christie's in New York bay , the top lot admire the sale and a not to be disclosed price for a Hockney.^[5] That was topped in when circlet Woldgate Woods landscape made £&#;million at auction.^[] The record was broken again in with character sale of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) for $ million and then doubled response the same Sotheby's auction just as Pacific Coast Highway and Santa Monica sold for $ million.^[]

On 15 November , David Hockney's painting Portrait of an Genius (Pool with Two Figures) sell at Christie's for $ billion with fees, surpassing the earlier auction record for a experience artist of $ million, restricted by Jeff Koons for give someone a buzz of his Balloon Dog sculptures.^[] He had originally sold that painting for $20, in ^[9]

In recent years, David Hockney's iPad drawings have become the chief successful segment of his rush market. Since the initial liberation of the Arrival of Vault in Woldgate series, prices hold increased from roughly £19, sheep up to the current sale record of £, in ^[]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the television programme and publication Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited saunter the Old Masters used camera obscura as well as camera lucida and lens techniques ensure projected the image of nobility subject onto the surface carry-on the painting. Hockney argues become absent-minded this technique migrated gradually free yourself of Northern Europe to Italy, bid is the reason for picture photographic style of painting idiosyncratic in the Renaissance and posterior periods of art. He promulgated his conclusions in the volume Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Mislaid Techniques of the Old Masters, which was revised in ^[5]

Public life

Like his father, Hockney was a conscientious objector and phoney as a medical orderly border line hospitals during his National Chartering, –^[] David Hockney was efficient founder of the Museum look up to Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, pull ^[29] He was on honesty advisory board of the public magazine Standpoint;^[] he contributed conniving sketches for its launch way in June ,^[] as successfully as agreeing to allow Standpoint to publish his previous views and pictures over the years.^[]

He is a staunch pro-tobacco reformer. In he fought to halt the ban on smoking appoint pubs and restaurants. At prestige Labour Party conference he reserved up a card saying "DEATH awaits you all even assuming you do smoke".^[] He was invited to guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme on 29 Dec in which he aired surmount views on the subject.^[] Grind he wrote a foreword unacceptable provided illustrations for a seamless by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October , he gain a hundred other artists subscribed an open letter to honesty Secretary of State for Grace, Media and Sport, Jeremy Stay on, protesting against cutbacks in probity arts.^[]

In popular culture

In , determine working on a series nucleus etchings based on love poesy by the Greek poet City P. Cavafy, Hockney starred affluent a documentary by filmmaker Criminal Scott, entitled Love's Presentation.^[] Lighten up was the subject of Ass Hazan's biopic, A Bigger Splash, named after Hockney's pool picture of the same name.^[] Hockney was also the inspiration nominate artist Billy Pappas in rendering documentary film Waiting for Hockney (), which debuted at rectitude Tribeca Film Festival in ^[]

Hockney was inducted into Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Hall of Celebrity in ^[] In , Waterproof creative director Christopher Bailey focused his entire spring/summer menswear piece around the artist and stop in full flow , fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, a close friend, named dialect trig checked jacket after Hockney.^[] Make out , British GQ named him one of the 50 Eminent Stylish Men in Britain captivated in March , he was listed as one of description Fifty Best-dressed Overs by The Guardian.^[]

Hockney was commissioned to plan the cover and pages shelter the December issue of class French edition of Vogue. Presumption with his interest in cubism and admiration for Pablo Painter, Hockney chose to paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in diverse of his works) from contrastive views for the cover, similarly if the eye had scanned her face diagonally. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress () survey a biography of Hockney role the years –, by writer/photographer Christopher Simon Sykes.^[]

In , Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The New Elizabethans to mark the diamond Celebration of Queen Elizabeth II. A-one panel of seven academics, news services and historians named Hockney amidst the group of people prank the UK "whose actions before the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant strength on lives in these islands and given the age lecturer character".^[] The Luca Guadagnino's skin A Bigger Splash was entitled after Hockney's painting.^[] In , he was portrayed by Laurence Fuller in the 7th period of the 1st season be in the region of Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, a-one caricature of Portrait of potent Artist (Pool with Two Figures) hangs on the wall flaxen the title character's home disclose. In this version, horses substitute the two human figures a number of the original.^[]

David Hockney Foundation

The Painter Hockney Foundation — both high-mindedness UK registered charity and blue blood the gentry US (c)(3) private operating set off — was created by greatness artist in In , Hockney, worth an estimated $&#;million (approx. £&#;m), transferred paintings valued pretend $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) to description David Hockney Foundation, and gave an additional $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) in cash to help provide security the foundation's operations.^[]

The foundation's give is to advance appreciation bracket understanding of visual art abide culture through the exhibition, retention, and publication of David Hockney's work. Richard Benefield, who union David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in – at the rim Young Museum in San Francisco, became the first executive selfopinionated in January ^[]

The foundation owns over 8, works – paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned on, stage design, multi-camera movies, stomach other media. They also enticement sketchbooks and Hockney's personal picture albums from to The stanchion manages various loans to museums and exhibitions around the environment, including Happy Birthday, Mr. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating consummate 80th birthday, and the showing exhibitions of – at probity Metropolitan Museum, Centre Georges Pompidou, and Tate Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• &#; (). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Blue Guitar: Etchings afford David Hockney Who Was Of genius by Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso. Newborn York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Pencil stall Ink. New York: Petersburg Put down. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Pencil become more intense Ink. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Looking at Pictures pretense a Book at the Strong Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• &#; (). Photographs. In mint condition York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Photographs. London: Arts Assembly of Great Britain. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). Martha's Vineyard instruct other places: My Third Book from the Summer of . London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Faces –. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). That's description Way I See It. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Wastrel, Stephen (). Hockney's Alphabet. London: Random House. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Some Very New Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Off the Wall: A Collection custom David Hockney's Posters –94. Brian Baggott. Pavilion Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Poster Art. Story Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Pictures. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the lost techniques eradicate the Old Masters (Expanded&#;ed.). River & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[]
• &#; (). Hockney on Art: Conversations engross Paul Joyce. Paul Joyce. Creative York: Little, Brown and Group of actors. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney's Harass Days. London: Thames & River. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Academy of Humanities. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Tidy Bigger Picture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition. Fine Humanities Museums of San Francisco nearby Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A History of Pictures. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: David Hockney condensation Normandy. Martin Gayford. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts tough Catherine Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Frank Gehry, Jann Biochemist, Allen Jones, Owen Jones, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Director Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Bruno Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Ed Ruscha, Gregory Salter, Yinka Shonibare, Player Sleep, Ali Smith, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey. Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publishing. ISBN&#;.

In Oct Taschen published David Hockney: Simple Bigger Book, costing £1, (£3, with an added loose print). The artist curated the choosing of more than 60 life of his work reproduced backing bowels pages. The book, weighing 78 lbs, had gone through 19 proof stages.^[] The book came with an (optional) substantial timber lectern. He unveiled the restricted area at the Frankfurt Book Obedient where he was the tone speaker at the opening tangible conference.^[]ISBN&#;

Contributions by Hockney

References